National Interoperability Field Operations Guide

National Interoperability

Field Operations

Guide

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Emergency Communications Division

Version 1.6.1A

January 2019

First printing- January 2019

INTRODUCTION

The National Interoperability Field Operations Guide (NIFOG) is a technical

reference for emergency communications planning and for radio technicians

responsible for radios that will be used in disaster response. The NIFOG

includes rules and regulations for use of nationwide and other interoperability

channels, tables of frequencies and standard channel names, and other

reference material, formatted as a pocket-sized guide for radio technicians to

carry with them.

If you are not familiar with interoperability and mutual aid communications, start

with the “How to Use the National Interoperability Field Operations Guide”

section.

We encourage you to program as many of these interoperability channels in

your radios as possible, as permitted by the applicable regulations. Even if

geographic restrictions on some channels preclude their use in your home area,

you may have the opportunity to help in a distant location where the restrictions

do not apply. Maximize your flexibility.

To download or request copies of the NIFOG, please visit

https://www.dhs.gov/publication/fog-documents

Your comments are welcome at [email protected].GOV

Thank you.

Ronald T. Hewitt, Assistant Director for Emergency Communications

Ross Merlin, NIFOG Author, National Coordinating Center for Communications

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

TABLE OF CONTENTS

USING THE NATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY FIELD OPERATIONS GUIDE.. 1

FCC Rules for Interoperability............................................................................................... 6

NTIA Rules for Interoperability .............................................................................................. 8

How do I request a Special Temporary Authorization (STA)? ........................................... 13

Regulations and Guidelines for National Interoperability ................................................... 18

Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels .................................................... 19

Recommendations for Programming the Federal Interoperability Channels ..................... 22

FCC Rules and Regulations ............................................................................................... 23

NTIA Rules and Regulations............................................................................................... 23

INTEROPERABILITY CHANNELS .................................................................... 24

Non-Federal VHF National Interoperability Channels ........................................................ 24

VHF Low Band ........................................................................................................ 24

VHF High Band ....................................................................................................... 25

VHF Inland .............................................................................................................. 26

Counties Where VTAC17/VTAC17D May Be Used ............................................... 27

Texas Counties Where VTAC17/VTAC17D May Be Used .................................... 28

VHF Public Safety Mutual Aid and Common Channels ..................................................... 29

NOAA Weather Radio “All Hazards” Broadcasts................................................................ 30

Federal / Non-Federal SAR Command Interoperability Plan ............................................. 31

Federal / Non-Federal VHF SAR Operations Interoperability Plan .................................... 32

VHF Incident Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channels ........................................ 33

VHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal Interoperability Channels ......................................... 34

UHF Incident Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channels ........................................ 35

UHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal Interoperability Channels ......................................... 36

Non-Federal UHF National Interoperability Repeater Channels ........................................ 37

UHF MED (Medical, EMS) Channels .................................................................................. 38

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels.................................................................. 43

700 MHz Nationwide Air-Ground Channels ........................................................................ 49

Non-Federal 800 MHz National Mutual Aid Repeater Channels ........................................ 51

25 Cities Project Federal Interoperability Channels ........................................................... 52

COMMON COMMUNICATIONS REFERENCES ..............................................58

Operations Center Telephone Numbers............................................................................. 58

Emergency Support Functions (ESF)................................................................................. 59

FEMA Regions - States and Territories.............................................................................. 60

U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Centers

....................................................................... 61

RS-232 Connectors (DB25 and DE9)................................................................................. 65

Telephone Block Wiring ...................................................................................................... 70

Satellite Phone Dialing Instructions .................................................................................... 75

Text Messaging................................................................................................................... 80

CTCSS Tones and Codes

....................................................................................................... 62

DCS Codes

........................................................................................................................... 63

P25 Digital Codes

.................................................................................................................. 64

RJ-45 Wiring

.......................................................................................................................... 66

IP Addresses - Private Networks ........................................................................................ 67

Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Non-Overlapping Channels

................................................................................ 67

Public Domain Name System (DNS) Servers .................................................................... 68

Public Network Time Protocol (NTP) Servers .................................................................... 68

CISCO Tactical Operations................................................................................................. 69

Telephone Connectors........................................................................................................ 72

Telephone Keypad Letters

...................................................................................................... 73

N11 Numbers

........................................................................................................................ 73

DSN Area Codes................................................................................................................. 73

Cellular Telephone Emergency Response ......................................................................... 74

INMARSAT-M Service Codes

.................................................................................................. 77

Priority Telecommunications Programs.............................................................................. 78

GETS – Govt. Emergency Telecommunications Service ...................................... 78

WPS – Wireless Priority Service ............................................................................ 78

TSP – Telecommunications Service Priority .......................................................... 78

Line-of-Sight Formulas........................................................................................................ 82

Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) Filing Instructions.................................................................... 83

COMMONLY USED FREQUENCIES ................................................................84

Aviation Frequencies .......................................................................................................... 84

VHF Marine Channel Listing............................................................................................... 85

VHF Marine Channels & Frequencies ................................................................................ 89

Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) ....................................................................................... 94

GMRS Frequencies............................................................................................................. 95

FRS Frequencies ................................................................................................................ 95

CB Frequencies .................................................................................................................. 95

Common Business Frequencies......................................................................................... 96

Railroad Frequencies.......................................................................................................... 97

SAR (Search and Rescue) Frequencies............................................................................. 98

Maritime HF and VHF Distress Frequencies ......................................................................99

HF Disaster Communications ........................................................................................... 100

HF Long Distance Communications ................................................................................. 101

Standard Time and Frequency Broadcasts ...................................................................... 102

Standard Time by Telephone............................................................................................ 102

Amateur Radio Emergency Frequencies.......................................................................... 103

Amateur Radio Calling Frequencies................................................................................. 105

Amateur Radio Repeater Coordinators ............................................................................ 105

Amateur Radio Bands (US) .............................................................................................. 106

Amateur Radio Power Limits (US).................................................................................... 112

NOTES .............................................................................................................113

EMERGENCY MEDICAL PROCEDURES........................INSIDE BACK COVER

USING THE NATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY FIELD OPERATIONS GUIDE

What is the “National Interoperability Field Operations Guide”?

The “National Interoperability Field Operations Guide” (NIFOG) is a pocket-sized listing of land

mobile radio (LMR) frequencies that are often used in disasters or other incidents where radio

interoperability is required, and other information useful to emergency communicators.

Terms used in this document:

• FCC – Federal Communications Commission

• FCC Rules – contained in Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (47CFR)

• Federal – used herein to differentiate between radio stations of the United States Government

and those of any state, tribal, local, or regional governmental authority. “Federal Frequencies”

refer to frequencies (channels) available for assignment to U.S. Government Agencies.

Although the FCC is a Federal Government agency, the frequencies it administers are not

“Federal frequencies”- they are administered for state/tribal/local governments, commercial

entities, and individuals.

• NCC – (1) the Public Safety National Coordination Committee, a Federal Advisory Committee

formed by the FCC to advise it on interoperability; (2) National Coordinating Center for

Telecommunications.

-1-

• NPSTC – the National Public Safety Telecommunications Council is a federation of

organizations whose mission is to improve public safety communications and interoperability

through collaborative leadership. After the charter for the NCC expired, NPSTC continued

NCC’s efforts to establish a common channel nomenclature. NPSTC channel IDs used in the

NIFOG are based on the “Standard Channel Nomenclature for the Public Safety

Interoperability Channels”, APCO ANS 1.104.1-2010, approved June 9, 2010 by the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) - see http://www.npstc.org/documents/APCO-NPSTC-

ANS1-104-1web.pdf

• NTIA – National Telecommunications and Information Administration

• NTIA Manual – The NTIA “Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio

Frequency Management” http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/redbook/redbook.html

• Radio frequencies are in Megahertz (MHz) unless otherwise noted.

• CTCSS tone frequencies are in Hertz (Hz) or two-character Motorola codes.

• Emissions on frequencies above 138 MHz are narrowband analog FM, unless otherwise noted.

How is the NIFOG used?

The NIFOG may be used by radio technicians when programming channels in radios. We

recommend having these channels programmed in radios at all times, as permitted by the

applicable regulations, rather than waiting until a disaster is imminent or occurring to do the

programming.

The NIFOG also is a useful tool for emergency communications planners, providing them with

information on the interoperability channels most likely to be in the radios of responders from

another discipline or jurisdiction.

--2

Don’t I need a license for these channels before programming them into radios?

If you are licensed under Part 90 of the FCC rules, you may program frequencies (other than

maritime or aviation) that you are not licensed to use IF “the communications involved relate

directly to the imminent safety-of-life or property” or “with U.S. Government stations ... in

connection with mutual activities” (see FCC rules 90.427 and 90.417, and Public Notice DA 01-

1621). See “Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels”, pages 19-22. There are no

restrictions on programming frequencies into U.S. Government radios.

However, note that 90.403(g) requires that “[f]or transmissions concerning the imminent safety-of-

life or property, the transmissions shall be suspended as soon as the emergency is terminated.”

Also, the safety of life provision of 90.417(a) makes it clear that the exception applies only when

the communications involved “relate directly” to the “imminent” safety of life or property. Because

one overriding policy concern of the FCC is the prevention of harmful interference, any exceptions

to the general prohibition on using non-licensed frequencies are limited to responding to an

imminent threat to safety-of-life or property. See also 90.407 dealing with communications during

an emergency which disrupts normal communications facilities and §90.411 dealing with civil

defense communications.

Programming of maritime channels must be performed only by a person holding a first or second

class radiotelegraph operator’s certificate, a radiotelegraph operator license, or a general

radiotelephone operator’s license - 47 CFR 80.203(b)(3). See also 80.203(b)(4) and §80.169(a).

A general radiotelephone operator must directly supervise and be responsible for all transmitter

adjustments or tests during installation, servicing or maintenance of an aeronautical radio station -

see §87.73.

--3

How can I use these frequencies if I don’t have a license for them?

There are seven ways you can legally use these radio frequencies:

1. You or your employer may already have a Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

license or a National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) authorization

for some of the interoperability and mutual aid frequencies.

2. For FCC licensees, the non-Federal National Interoperability Channels VCALL10-VTAC14

and VTAC33-38, UCALL40-UTAC43D, the 800 MHz interoperability channels, and

8CALL90-8TAC94D are covered by a “blanket authorization” from the FCC -“Public safety

licensees ... can operate mobile units on these interoperability channels without an individual

license.” See FCC 00-348, paragraph 90 (released October 10, 2000) for VHF and UHF; see

FCC rules 90.421(a)(3) and 90.525(a) for 700 MHz; see FCC 87-112, paragraph 34 (released

December 18, 1987), for 800 MHz. When North of Line A or East of Line C the blanket

authorization in paragraph 90 of FCC 00-348 applies only to mobile (including hand-held)

stations operating with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 3 watts or less. At higher power

levels, frequency coordination is required. Line A and C are defined in 47CFR90.7. You can

check a location for Line A and Line C restrictions at http://wireless.fcc.gov/uls/index.htm?

job=line_a_c

3. You may operate on frequencies authorized to another licensee when that licensee designates

you as a unit of their system, in accordance with FCC rule 90.421; or as an authorized user of

a shared radio system pursuant to a written agreement as described in FCC rule 90.179.

4. In extraordinary circumstances, the FCC may issue a “Special Temporary Authority” (STA) for

such use in a particular geographic area.

--4

5. In extraordinary circumstances, the NTIA may issue a “Temporary Assignment” for such use in

a particular area.

6. If you are an FCC Part 90 licensee, you may operate a mobile station on the Federal

Interoperability Channels only when authorized by the FCC (by license or STA) and only

for interoperability with Federal radio stations authorized by the NTIA to use those

channels. You may not use these channels for interoperability with other state, tribal,

regional, or local radio stations – these are not a substitute for your regular mutual aid

channels. See FCC Public Notice DA 01-1621, released July 13, 2001.

7. When necessary for the IMMEDIATE protection of life or property, FCC Part 90 licensees may

use prudent measures beyond the specifics of their license. See FCC rule 90.407, “Emergency

communications”. U.S. Government stations are authorized by NTIA rule 7.3.6 to operate on

any Part 90 frequency with the permission of the FCC licensee when such use is necessary for

communications directly related to the emergency at hand.

--5

FCC Rules for Interoperability

90.407 Emergency communications.

The licensee of any station authorized under this part may, during a period of emergency in

which the normal communication facilities are disrupted as a result of hurricane, flood,

earthquake or similar disaster, utilize such station for emergency communications in a

manner other than that specified in the station authorization or in the rules and regulations

governing the operation of such stations. The Commission may at any time order the

discontinuance of such special use of the authorized facilities. [49 FR 36376, Sept. 17, 1984]

90.411 Civil defense communications.

The licensee of any station authorized under this part may, on a voluntary basis, transmit

communications necessary for the implementation of civil defense activities assigned such

station by local civil defense authorities during an actual or simulated emergency, including

drills and tests. The Commission may at any time order the discontinuance of such special

use of the authorized facilities. [49 FR36376, Sept. 17, 1984]

--6

(FCC Rules for Interoperability – continued)

90.417 Interstation communication.

(a) Any station licensed under this part may communicate with any other station without

restriction as to type, service, or licensee when the communications involved relate

directly to the imminent safety-of-life or property.

(b) Any station licensed under this part may communicate with any other station licensed

under this part, with U.S. Government stations, and with foreign stations, in connection

with mutual activities, provided that where the communication involves foreign stations

prior approval of the Commission must be obtained, and such communication must be

permitted by the government that authorizes the foreign station. ...

90.421 Operation of mobile station units not under the control of the licensee.

Mobile stations, as defined in § 90.7, include vehicular-mounted and handheld units. Such

units may be operated by persons other than the licensee ...

90.423 Operatio

n on board aircraft.

Allowed on most Public Safety frequencies up to 1 mile altitude, up to 10 watts, secondary to

land-based systems; for air-to-mobile, air-to-base, air-to-air, and air-to-ship communications.

90.427 Precautio

ns against unauthorized operation.

(a) ...

(b) Except for frequencies used in accordance with § 90.417, no person shall program into a

transmitter frequencies for which the licensee using the transmitter is not authorized.

--7

NTIA Rules for Interoperability

7.3.4 Emergency Communications for which an Immediate Danger Exists to

Human Life or Property

1. In situations where immediate danger exists to human life or property, an agency may

operate temporarily on any regularly assigned frequency in a manner other than that

specified in the terms of an existing assignment. Emergency operations under such

situations should continue only as long as necessary to ensure that the danger to human

life or property no longer exists. Emergency operations under these circumstances shall

be reevaluated on a regular basis until such time as normal/routine operations can be

reestablished.

2. Interoperable communications for disaster/emergency response involving Federal, state,

local, and tribal entities shall be in conformance with Section 4.3.16 of this Manual.

Additional information regarding interoperable communications can also be found in the

National Interoperability Field Operations Guide (NIFOG) ... promulgated by the

Department of Homeland Security.

7.3.6 Emergency Use of Non-Federal Frequencies

In emergency situations, a Federal radio station may utilize any frequency authorized to a

non-Federal radio station, under Part 90 of the FCC Rules and Regulations, when such use is

necessary for communications with non-Federal stations and is directly related to the

emergency at hand. Such use is subject to the following conditions:

a. The non-Federal licensee has given verbal or written concurrence.

b. Operations are conducted in accordance with the FCC Rules and Regulations.

--8

(NTIA Rules for Interoperability – continued)

c. Use is restricted to the service area and station authorization of the licensee.

d. All operations are under the direct control of the licensee and shall be immediately

terminated when directed by the licensee.

e. Operations do not exceed 60 days.

f. A written report of each such use shall be provided, through the agency’s FAS [Frequency

Assignment Subcommittee, of NTIA’s IRAC (Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee)]

representative, to the FCC as soon as practicable.

7.5.2 Frequencies Authorized by the FCC for Ship Stations

Frequencies authorized by the Federal Communications Commission for ship stations may

be used by Federal mobile stations to communicate with non-Federal stations in the maritime

mobile service.

7.5.3 Frequencies for the Safety of Life and Property

... (5) The frequency 40.5 MHz is designated as the military joint common frequency. Use of

this channel is limited to communications necessary to establish contact when other channel

information is not available and for emergency communications. This frequency also may be

used for search and rescue communications.

-9-

(NTIA Rules for Interoperability – continued)

(6) The provisions of this Manual do not prevent mobile stations, or mobile earth stations, in

distress from using any frequency at its disposal to attract attention, make known its position,

and obtain help. (See ITU Radio Regulation Ap. 13 Part A1, § 6,1.)

7.5.4 Frequencies for Coordinating Search and Rescue Operations

... (2) The frequency 123.1 MHz, using class A3E emission, may be used by stations of the

aeronautical mobile service and by other mobile and land stations engaged in coordinated

search and rescue operations.

(3) The frequency 156.3 MHz [VHF Marine channel 6] may be used for communications

between ship stations and aircraft stations, using G3E emission, engaged in coordinated

search and rescue (SAR) operations. When control of the scene of a SAR incident is under a

Coast Guard coast station, 156.3 MHz may be used by ship stations to communicate with

that coast station.

Does the NIFOG authorize me to use certain frequencies?

NO. The NIFOG does not grant authority to operate on any radio frequencies. Such authority can

come only from the FCC or the NTIA.

Is the NIFOG the national emergency communications plan?

The NIFOG is the national guide for possible use in a situation where no other radio interoperability

arrangement was promulgated by local authorities, or where emergency responders are unaware

of such an arrangement. The NIFOG does NOT supersede any Federal, state, tribal, local, or

regional emergency communications plan. If you are dispatched to a disaster or incident scene and

--10

have no other information on how to make contact with other emergency responders, the NIFOG

provides useful suggestions for which frequencies to use to attempt initial contact.

Are the interoperability channels discussed in the NIFOG available nationwide?

No. Not all frequencies are available nationwide for use as described in the NIFOG. In particular,

the “Non-Federal VHF Inland Interoperability Channels” may be used only in certain inland parts of

the country, away from coastal areas and major waterways (see the map titled Counties Where

VTAC17/ VTAC17D May Be Used on page 27 for further details). Other channels in this plan may

not be usable due to the potential for adjacent channel interference in some areas, or due to

authorized on-channel uses that are different than the common uses described in the NIFOG. Use

of the VCALL/ VTAC and UCALL/UTAC channels by mobiles (and hand-helds) North of Line A /

East of Line C is limited to 3 watts ERP; higher power requires frequency coordination with

Canada.

For a detailed list of which counties are in which VHF Public Coast (VPC) area, see:

http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/maps/areas/data/2000/FCCCNTY2K.txt and

http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/maps/areas/data/2000/README_FCCCNTY2K.txt

FCC online area cross-reference search: http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/cesearch.pl

--11

Who do I contact to use interoperability channels?

These channels can be used where licensed or authorized by FCC or NTIA, including authorization

by a STA.

Plans for how these channels will be used may be in the Statewide Communications

Interoperability Plan (SCIP) or the Tactical Interoperable Communications Plan (TICP) for the area

of operations. Information on using 700 and 800 MHz interoperability channels may be found in the

plans of your 700 MHz Regional Planning Committee or 800 MHz Regional Planning Committee.

Contact your Statewide Interoperability Coordinator (SWIC) for these plans, and for additional

guidance on use of these channels.

The COML (Communications Unit Leader) acts as or delegates the role of frequency manager;

assigning specific uses to available radio channels and coordinating with dispatchers, the FCC,

and NTIA for authorization to use additional channels as needed.

If access to the COML has not been pre-arranged or is not working as planned, try the calling

channels specified in the NIFOG at or near the command post, incident scene, or staging area.

Directory of 700 MHz Regional Planning Committees:

http://publicsafety.fcc.gov/pshs/public-safety-spectrum/700-MHz/rpc-map.htm

Directory of 800 MHz Regional Planning Committees:

http://publicsafety.fcc.gov/pshs/public-safety-spectrum/800-MHz/regional-planning.htm

-12-

How do I request a Special Temporary Authorization (STA)?

FCC licensees request a Special Temporary Authorization (STA) from the FCC:

During Normal FCC Business Hours (Monday through Friday, 8:00am - 4:30pm EST/EDT)

Tracy Simmons - STA Licensing (Part 90--Land Mobile and Public Safety), Public Safety &

Homeland Security Bureau - phone: 717-338-2657 email: [email protected]

or file electronically: FCC Form 601 - ULS http://wireless.fcc.gov/uls/ then click on Online Filing

“LOG IN”

Outside of Normal FCC Business Hours (4:30pm - 8am EST/EDT, weekends, and holidays)

FCC Operations Center (FCCOC)

phone: 202-418-1122 email: [email protected]

First Responders and Public Safety Entities with general STA inquiries

Zenji Nakazawa, Deputy Division Chief, Public Safety & Homeland Security Bureau

phone: 202-418-7949 email: [email protected]

or

FCC Operations Center (FCCOC) phone: 202-418-1122 email: [email protected]

U.S. Government radio stations request temporary assignment or STAs via their agency

representative to the Frequency Assignment Subcommittee (FAS) of the Interdepartment Radio

Advisory Committee (IRAC). See NTIA Manual section 8.3.32.

The telephone number for the NTIA Frequency Assignment Branch is 202-482-1132.

[See the previous page for requesting STAs when a Joint Field Office is operational for an

incident.]

--13

Does the NIFOG specify exactly how to program channels?

No. There is no one-size-fits-all solution due to differing radio designs. The NIFOG uses the ANSI

“Standard Channel Nomenclature for the Public Safety Interoperability Channels” for channel

names - see “NPSTC” on page 2.

For some channels, the standard nomenclature specifies a “direct” (“talk-around”) channel for

repeaters which takes an additional memory slot. Some radios have a switch for talk-around on a

repeater channel, and using this feature saves memory slots. Similarly, some radios may have a

switch or button to enable or disable receive CTCSS; if not, another channel may be programmed

so both modes are available.

Consider programming additional VHF Marine channels as possible interoperability channels (for

use when properly authorized), based on local or regional use. In particular, channels used by

drawbridge tenders may be appropriate; see http://wireless.fcc.gov/marine/vhfchanl.pdf for

authorized channel uses and http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=mtVhf for frequencies.

Recommended modes for using Federal Interoperability Channels: use analog for all Incident

Response channels (CTCSS 167.9 Hz) and Law Enforcement channels LE A, LE 1, LE B, LE 10,

and LE 16 (CTCSS 167.9 Hz); use P25 digital for the remaining LE channels, NAC $68F (

1679

10

).

CTCSS should always be transmitted on the analog channels, but carrier squelch (CSQ, no

CTCSS) should be used on receive. Consider allowing the user to enable or disable CTCSS on

receive by a switch or button; otherwise use CSQ on receive.

--14

How do emergency responders use the calling channels?

As you approach an incident scene or staging area, you might establish contact on a dispatch or

working channel. If you can’t make contact, or if no channel was designated for this purpose,

attempt to make contact on one of the designated interoperability calling channels. If it is a repeater

channel and you get no response, try the “direct” or “talk-around” mode if your radio has that

capability. In some cases, the talk-around channel exists as a distinct channel on the radio. For

example, the VHF Incident Response Federal Interoperability Channel is known as “NC 1”. The

talk-around for this repeater channel is known as “IR 5”.

The non-Federal national interoperability calling channels are VCALL10, UCALL40, 7CALL50,

7CALL70, and 8CALL90; the Federal IR and LE calling channels are “NC 1” (direct: “IR5”), “NC 2”

(direct: “IR15”), “LE A”, and “LE B”. You may be able to learn what you need without transmitting,

by just listening to radio traffic on one of these channels.

If a “travel channel” is needed (e.g. for communications between vehicles in a convoy), 7CALL70D

is recommended if that will not interfere with its use as a calling channel.

May the Nationwide Interoperability Channels be used for tests and exercises?

FCC rule 90.417 authorizes communications “in connection with mutual activities”, which includes

tests and exercises. FCC rule 90.411 authorizes communications for civil defense (emergency

management) activities during an actual or simulated emergency, including drills and tests.

--15

How do Search and Rescue personnel on land, on watercraft, and on aircraft

coordinate by radio?

Certain VHF Marine channels are designated in this plan for Search and Rescue (SAR)

interoperability. Searchers on land, in boats, and in aircraft need to be able to communicate with

each other to coordinate rescues. There is no VHF channel authorized and readily available to all

three communities. Some aircraft involved in SAR have VHF Marine radios, as do most boaters;

but the VHF radios that many ground SAR groups use are not approved for use on maritime

frequencies, and they may be incapable of being programmed to operate in the wideband FM

mode used on maritime frequencies. VHF marine radios may not be used on land unless they are

licensed as marine utility stations, public or private coast stations, or maritime support stations.

VHF Marine channels may not be used for terrestrial search and rescue operations – they are in

this plan due to the likelihood of boats being involved in SAR in coastal areas.

Frequency 155.16 MHz is licensed to many SAR organizations. It is the de facto SAR

interoperability channel, and has been given the standardized channel name of VSAR16. We

encourage public safety entities to obtain licenses for this frequency to facilitate interoperability.

State or local government vehicles used to tow vessels involved in search and rescue operations

are authorized to operate on maritime mobile frequencies as associated ship units. Such

operations may use Distress, Safety and Calling, Intership Safety, Liaison, U.S. Coast Guard, or

Maritime Control VHF intership frequencies; and may have a transmitter power of 25 watts. [FCC

rule 80.115] Federal vehicles have similar authorization. [NTIA Manual 8.2.29(c)(6)]

--16

Should Fire/EMS radios have the Law Enforcement interoperability channels

programmed, and vice versa?

Yes. Radios for public safety personnel should have as many of these interoperability channels

programmed as possible, as permitted by the applicable regulations. Interoperability may require

crossing jurisdictional and functional lines. On the Federal interoperability channels, “Incident

Response” (IR) means everybody – Fire, Rescue, EMS, Public Works, Law Enforcement, etc. The

“Law Enforcement” (LE) channels will be used “primarily” for Law Enforcement activities, but could

be designated for other incident support if that would not hamper Law Enforcement activities, and if

assigned by the agency in control of the incident.

How can I get answers to questions about the “National Interoperability Field

Operations Guide”, or how can I offer suggestions to improve it?

Please send your questions or comments to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security,

Emergency Communications Division, at [email protected] and include your name, agency

or organization affiliation, and your email address.

How do I get copies of the NIFOG?

The latest version of the NIFOG can be downloaded or ordered from

https://www.dhs.gov/publication/fog-documents

--17

Regulations and Guidelines for National Interoperability

1. The FCC and NTIA rules allow for some flexibility in frequency use by personnel directly

involved in a situation where there is imminent danger to human life or property. This does

NOT mean “In an emergency, anything goes.”

2. For communications not covered by #1, your use of a radio frequency must be authorized by:

a. Your (or your agency’s) FCC license or NTIA authorization

b. “License by rule”– a provision in FCC rules that authorizes use of a radio frequency under

specified conditions without a specific license or authorization issued to the user

c. A “Special Temporary Authorization” provided by FCC or NTIA

3. Digital P25 operations on non-Federal interoperability channels should transmit the default

Network Access Code (NAC) $293 (659

10

), and receive with NAC $F7E (3966

10

) (accept any

incoming NAC). Specify talkgroup $FFFF (65535

10

), which includes everyone.

4. Default modes for using Federal Interoperability Channels: use analog for all Incident

Response channels and Law Enforcement channels LE A, LE 1, LE B, LE 10, and LE 16; use

P25 Digital for the remaining LE channels, NAC $68F (1679

10

).

--18

Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels

1. The “VHF Incident Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channel Plan”, the “UHF Incident

Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channel Plan”, the “VHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal

Interoperability Channel Plan”, and the “UHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal Interoperability

Channel Plan” show frequencies available for use by all Federal agencies to satisfy law

enforcement and public safety incident response interoperability requirements. These

frequencies will be referred to hereinafter as “Federal Interoperability Channels”.

2. The Federal Interoperability Channels are available for use among Federal agencies and

between Federal agencies and non-Federal entities with which Federal agencies have a

requirement to operate.

3. The channels are available to non-Federal entities to enable joint Federal/non-Federal

operations for law enforcement and incident response, subject to the condition that harmful

interference will not be caused to Federal stations. These channels are restricted to

interoperability communications and are not authorized for routine or administrative uses.

4. Extended operations and congestion may lead to frequency conflicts. Coordination with NTIA is

required to resolve these conflicts.

5. Only narrowband emissions are to be used on the Federal Interoperability Channels.

--19

6. Equipment used (transmitters and receivers) must meet the standards established in Section

5.3.5.2 of the NTIA Manual:

a. TIA/EIA 603-B for narrowband analog;

b. TIA TSB 102.CAAB-A for narrowband digital

7. A complete listing of conditions for use by Federal users can be found in Section 4.3.16 of the

NTIA Manual.

8. Use of these frequencies within 75 miles of the Canadian border and 5 miles of the Mexican

border require special coordination and in some cases will not be available for use.

Law Enforcement Plans

1. Frequencies 167.0875 MHz and 414.0375 MHz are designated as National Calling Channels

for initial contact and will be identified in the radio as indicated in the Law Enforcement Federal

Interoperability Channel Plans.

2. Initial contact communications will be established using narrowband analog FM emission

(11K25F3E).

3. The interoperability channels will be identified in mobile and portable radios as indicated in the

Law Enforcement Federal Interoperability Channel Plans with Continuous Tone-Controlled

Squelch Systems (CTCSS) frequency 167.9 Hz and/or Network Access Code (NAC) $68F

(1679

10

).

--20

Incident Response Plans

1. Frequencies 169.5375 MHz (paired with 164.7125 MHz) and 410.2375 MHz (paired with

419.2375 MHz) are designated as the calling channels for initial contact and will be identified in

the radio as indicated in the Incident Response Federal Interoperability Channel Plans.

2. Initial contact will be established using narrowband analog FM emission (11K25F3E).

3. To ensure access by stations from outside the normal area of operation, Continuous Tone-

Controlled Squelch Systems (CTCSS) will not be used on the calling channels.

4. The interoperability channels will be identified in mobile and portable radios as indicated in the

“VHF Incident Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channel Plan” and the “UHF Incident

Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channel Plan”.

--21

Recommendations for Programming the Federal Interoperability Channels

1. If there is enough room in your radio, program all channels as analog and again as digital

channels. If not, program as follows:

a. Incident Response channels – all analog.

b. Law Enforcement channels – program all as P25 digital with NAC $68F (1679

10

) except

LE A, LE 1, LE B, LE10, and LE 16 which are to be programmed analog with Tx CTCSS

167.9 Hz (6Z) and no Rx CTCSS (carrier squelch, CSQ).

2. If your radio has a user-selectable option to enable/disable CTCSS on receive, you may choose

to configure this option so that the user can enable the same CTCSS tone used on transmit for

receive. The default configuration should be CSQ receive.

Note on using the Federal Interoperability Channels: These channels may not be

used for state/state, state/local, or local/local interoperability. A Federal entity

must be involved when these are used.

--22

FCC Rules and Regulations

Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 0-199

http://wireless.fcc.gov/rules.html

Part 80 Maritime Services

For information on VHF Marine channels, see

http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=mtVhf

Part 87 Aviation Services

Part 90 Private Land Mobile Radio Services

Part 95 Personal Radio Services (includes GMRS, FRS, CB, & MURS)

Part 97 Amateur Radio Service

NTIA Rules and Regulations

Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 300

http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/redbook/redbook.html

--23

-

INTEROPERABILITY CHANNELS

Non Federal VHF National Interoperability Channels

VHF Low Band

Description

Channel

Name

Mobile

Receive

Frequency

Mobile

Transmit

Frequency

Receive and

Transmit CTCSS Tone

Law Enforcement

LLAW1

39.4600

45.8600

156.7 (5A)

Law Enforcement

LLAW1D

39.4600

156.7 (5A)

Fire (Proposed)

LFIRE2

39.4800

45.8800

156.7 (5A)

Fire (Proposed)

LFIRE2D

39.4800

156.7 (5A)

Law Enforcement

LLAW3

45.8600

39.4600

156.7 (5A)

Law Enforcement

LLAW3D

45.8600

156.7 (5A)

Fire (Proposed)

LFIRE4

45.8800

39.4800

156.7 (5A)

Fire

LFIRE4D

45.8800

156.7 (5A)

Frequency 39.4800 MHz is pending FCC assignment for exclusive fire intersystem use.

These channels are WIDEBAND FM, 20 kHz authorized bandwidth.

--24

-Non Federal VHF National Interoperability Channels

VHF High Band

Description

Channel

Name

Mobile

Receive Freq.

Mobile Receive

CTCSS Tone

Mobile

Transmit Freq.

Mobile Transmit

CTCSS Tone

Calling

VCALL10

155.7525

156.7 (5A)

155.7525

156.7 (5A)

Tactical

VTAC11 *

151.1375

156.7 (5A)

151.1375

156.7 (5A)

Tactical

VTAC12 *

154.4525

156.7 (5A)

154.4525

156.7 (5A)

Tactical

VTAC13

158.7375

156.7 (5A)

158.7375

156.7 (5A)

Tactical

VTAC14

159.4725

156.7 (5A)

159.4725

156.7 (5A)

Tac Rpt

VTAC33 * •

159.4725

156.7 (5A)

151.1375

136.5 (4Z)

Tac Rpt

VTAC34 * •

158.7375

156.7 (5A)

154.4525

136.5 (4Z)

Tac Rpt

VTAC35 •

159.4725

156.7 (5A)

158.7375

136.5 (4Z)

Tac Rpt

VTAC36 * •

151.1375

156.7 (5A)

159.4725

136.5 (4Z)

Tac Rpt

VTAC37 * •

154.4525

156.7 (5A)

158.7375

136.5 (4Z)

Tac Rpt

VTAC38 •

158.7375

156.7 (5A)

159.4725

136.5 (4Z)

*VTAC11-12, VTAC33-34, and VTAC36-37 may not be used in Puerto Rico or the USVI.

•

VTAC33-38recommendedfordeployabletacticalrepeater use only

(FCCStationClass FB2T).

•

VTAC36-38 are preferred;VTAC33-35 should be used only when necessary due to interference.

Allchannels onthis pageareNARROWBAND only. Limitedto 3 watts ERP North ofLine A or East of Line C.

--25

-Non Federal VHF National Interoperability Channels

VHF Inland

Description

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Tactical – narrowband FM

VTAC17

161.8500

157.2500

Tactical – narrowband FM

VTAC17D

161.8500

CTCSS 156.7 Hz(5A) transmit and receive.

For VTAC17/VTAC17D only:

Base stations: 50 watts max, antenna HAAT 400 feet max. Mobile stations:

20 watts max, antenna HAAT 15 feet max. These channels are for tactical use and may not be operated on

board aircraft in flight. These channels use narrowband FM and are available only in certain inland areas at

least 100 miles from a major waterway. These channels use the same frequencies as VHF Marine channel

25, which uses wideband FM. Use only where authorized. See map on next page. In these authorized

areas, interoperability communications have priority over grandfathered public coast and public safety

licensees. See FCC rule 90.20(g)(3).

All channels on this page are NARROWBAND only.

Limited to 3 watts ERP North of Line A or East of Line C.

“Blanket authorization” does not apply - use of these channels must be licensed, or authorized by STA.

--26

Counties Where VTAC17/VTAC17D May Be Used

Numbers Indicate VHF Public Coast Station Areas – see 47CFR80.371(c)(ii)

CA:

Alpine, Inyo, Lassen,

Mono, Plumas, Sierra

KS:

Cheyenne, Gove, Logan

,

Sheridan, Sherman, Thomas,

Wallac

e

MN:

Kittson, Lake of the

Woods, Marshall, Pennington,

Polk, Red Lake, Roseau

NE:

Arthur, Banner, Blaine,

Box Butte, Chase, Cherry,

Cheyenne, Dawes, Deuel,

Dundy, Garden, Grant,

Hooker, Keith, Kimball,

Lincoln, Logan, McPherson,

Morrill, Perkins, Scotts Bluff,

Sheridan, Sioux, Thomas

OK:

Beckham, Custer, Dewey,

Ellis, Greer, Harmon, Harper,

Jackson, Kiowa, Roger Mills,

Washita, Woodward

All of CO, MT, NM, NV, UT, & WY

All counties in AZ ID & ND except:

AZ:

La Paz, Yuma

ID:

Benewah, Bonner, Boundary,

Clearwater , Idaho, Kootenai, Latah,

Lewis,

Nez Perce, & Shoshone

ND:

Barnes, Cass, Dickey, Foster, Griggs,

LaMoure, Pierce, Ransom, Richland,

Sargent, Sheridan, Stutsman, Wells

OR:

Harney, Malheur

SD:

All counties except Aurora, Beadle,

Bon Homme, Brookings, Brule, Buffalo,

Charles Mix, Clark, Clay, Codington,

Davison, Deuel, Douglas, Grant, Gregory,

Hamlin, Hand, Hanson, Hughes,

Hutchinson, Hyde, Jerauld, Kingsbury,

Lake, Lincoln, Lyman, McCook, Miner,

Minnehaha, Moody, Roberts, Sanborn,

Stanley, Sully, Tripp, Turner, Union,

Yankton

TX Counties

– see

page 28

--27

Texas Counties Where VTAC17/VTAC17D May Be Used

(see page 27)

Andrews

Dawson

Hudspeth

Moore

Swisher

Armstrong

Deaf Smith

Hutchinson

Motley

Taylor

Bailey

Dickens

Irion

Nolan

Terrell

Borden

Donley

Jeff Davis

Ochiltree

Terry

Brewster

Ector

Jones

Oldham

Tom Green

Briscoe

Edwards

Kent

Parmer

Upton

Callahan

El Paso

Kimble

Pecos

Val Verde

Carson

Fisher

King

Potter

Ward

Castro

Floyd

Kinney

Presidio

Wheeler

Childress

Gaines

Knox

Randall

Winkler

Cochran

Garza

Lamb

Reagan

Yoakum

Coke

Glasscock

Lipscomb

Reeves

Collingsworth

Gray

Loving

Roberts

Concho

Hale

Lubbock

Runnels

Cottle

Hall

Lynn

Schleicher

Crane

Hansford

McCulloch

Scurry

Crockett

Hartley

Martin

Sherman

Crosby

Haskell

Menard

Sterling

Culberson

Hockley

Midland

Stonewell

Dallam

Howard

Mitchell

Sutton

--28

VHF Public Safety Mutual Aid and Common Channels

WARNING: These frequencies are NOT covered by the blanket authorization for nationwide interoperability channels. A

valid FCC license for these frequencies is required. Availability subject to other licensed users in the same area.

Frequency (MHz)

Usage

Channel Name

Note

155.1600 base/mobile

Search and Rescue Common

(CTCSS 127.3 transmit &

receive)

VSAR16 a.k.a.

SAR NFM & SAR160

Not restricted to SAR by

FCC; availability varies.

154.2800 base/mobile

Fire Mutual Aid

VFIRE21

Not available in Puerto

Rico and the U.S. Virgin

Islands.

154.2650 base/mobile

VFIRE22

154.2950 base/mobile

VFIRE23

154.2725 base/mobile

VFIRE24

154.2875 base/mobile

VFIRE25

154.3025 base/mobile

VFIRE26

155.3400 base/mobile

EMS Mutual Aid

VMED28

May be designated for

EMS Mutual Aid.

155.3475 base/mobile

VMED29

155.4750 base/mobile

Law Enforcement Mutual Aid

VLAW31

155.4825 base/mobile

VLAW32

LICENSING REQUIRED - These are NOT nationwide interoperability channels - CTCSS tones

vary by jurisdiction. Rules for use of these channels are contained in 47 CFR 90.20 and NTIA

Manual Section 4.3.11 & 7.3.6. See also “Non-Federal VHF National Interoperability Channels”

and “Non-Federal VHF Inland Interoperability Channels” on pages 24-28 of this document.

EXCEPT for VSAR16, the recommended CTCSS tones are 156.7 receive and transmit for all

channels on this page for interoperability; local use may specify other tones.

--29

–

- -

NOAA Weather Radio “All Hazards” Broadcasts

NWR broadcasts National Weather Service (NWS) warnings, watches, forecasts and other non-

weather related hazard information 24 hours a day. Channels WX1-WX7 are used in the US &

Canada; channels WX8-WX9 are used for Canada Marine Weather broadcasts in some areas.

These channels should be programmed as wideband FM (16K0F3E) RECEIVE ONLY. Some radio

manufacturers number the US weather channels in the order they came into use, others number

them in frequency order. For programming in land-mobile radios, frequency order is recommended.

Weather Radio Broadcasts Receive Only

(WX1-WX7 US & Canada; WX8-WX9 Canada Marine Weather)

WX1

WX2

WX3

WX4

WX5

WX6

WX7

162.550

162.400

162.475

162.425

162.450

162.500

162.525

WX8

(Marine 21B)

WX9

(Marine 83B)

161.650

161.775

NOAA Weather Radio outages or transmitter problems:

Listing http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/outages/outages.php

Report form http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/outages/report.php

or call 1-888-886-1227 or email [email protected]

--30

-Federal / Non Federal SAR Command Interoperability Plan

Channel Name*

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

CTCSS

Connect with Gateway

IR 12**

410.8375

419.8375

167.9 Tx, CSQ Rx

VTAC14

159.4725

156.7 Rx and Tx

UTAC43

453.8625

458.8625

156.7 Rx and Tx

8TAC94 (ITAC4

before rebanding)

853.0125 (868.0125

before rebanding)

808.0125 (823.0125

before rebanding)

156.7 Rx and Tx

VHF Marine

Ch. 17***

156.8500 (this use

requires FCC STA)

156.8500 (this use

requires FCC STA)

none

*

If a repeater is not available, substitute the corresponding talk-around channel: IR 18 for IR 12,

UTAC43D for UTAC43, 8TAC94D for 8TAC94.

**See Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels on pages 19-21.

***VHF marine ch. 17 is wideband FM, emission 16K00F3E.

--31

- Federal / Non Federal VHF SAR Operations Interoperability Plan

Suggested SAR Function

Frequency (MHz)

Ground Operations

155.1600 narrowband FM

Maritime Operations *

157.050 or 157.150 (VHF Marine ch.1021 or 1023) as specified by

USCG Sector Commander

Air Operations – civilian

123.100 MHz AM (may not be used for tests or exercises)

Air Operations – USCG/Military

345.0 MHz AM for initial contact only, then move to 282.8 MHz AM or

other working channel

Air rescue assets to air rescue assets

As charted on standard air chart or MULTICOM 122.850 (south or west

(deconfliction)

sector) & 122.900 MHz (north or east sector), or as specified by FAA.

122.850 may not be used for tests or exercises

Ground to Air SAR working channel

157.175 1083 (1021, 1023, 1081 alternates as specified by local

USCG Sector Commander) **

Ground to Maritime SAR working channel

157.050 1021 (1023, 1081, 1083 alternates as specified by local

USCG Sector Commander) **

Maritime/Air/Ground SAR working channel *

157.175 1083 (1021, 1023, 1081 alternates as specified by local

USCG Sector Commander) **

EMS / Medical Support

155.3400 narrowband FM

Hailing* & DISTRESS only - Maritime/Air/Ground

156.800 VHF Marine channel 16 *

* Use VHF Marine ch.16 to make contact (30 seconds max.), then move to appropriate working channel as directed

by local USCG Sector Commander. Non-maritime use of any VHF Marine channel requires FCC Special Temporary

Authority or appropriate license. VHF marine channels use wideband FM, emission 16K0F3E

** VHF Marine channels: 16=156.800 1021=157.050 1022=157.100 1023=157.150 1081=157.075 1082=157.125

1083=157.1750 Direction from USCG, FCC, or FAA overrides information in this table. This table does not convey

authority to operate.

--32

VHF Incident Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channels

Suggested Assignment

(subject to availability &local plans)

Channel

Name

Note

Mobile RX

(MHz)

Mobile TX

(MHz)

Incident Calling

NC 1

Calling

169.5375

164.7125

Incident Command

IR 1

170.0125

165.2500

Medical Evacuation Control

IR 2

170.4125

165.9625

Logistics Control

IR 3

170.6875

166.5750

Interagency Convoy

IR 4

173.0375

167.3250

Incident Calling (Direct)

IR 5

Direct for NC 1

Calling

169.5375

169.5375 (S)

Incident Command (Direct)

IR 6

Direct for IR 1

170.0125

170.0125 (S)

Medical Evacuation Control

(Direct)

IR 7

Direct for IR 2

170.4125

170.4125 (S)

Logistics Control (Direct)

IR 8

Direct for IR 3

170.6875

170.6875 (S)

Interagency Convoy (Direct)

IR 9

Direct for IR 4

173.0375

173.0375 (S)

See “Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels” on pages 19-21.

Default operation should be carrier squelch receive, CTCSS 167.9 transmit. If the user can enable/disable CTCSS

without reprogramming the radio, the indicated CTCSS tone also could be programmed for receive, and the user

instructed how and when to enable/disable.

All channels on this page are NARROWBAND only.

--33

VHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal Interoperability Channels

Description

Channel

Name

Note

Mobile RX

(MHz)

Mobile TX

(MHz)

CTCSS or NAC

Calling

LE A

Analog

167.0875

167.0875 (S)

167.9 Tx,

CSQ Rx

Tactical

LE 1

Analog

167.0875

162.0875

167.9 Tx,

CSQ Rx

Tactical

LE 2

167.2500

162.2625

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 3

167.7500

162.8375

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 4

168.1125

163.2875

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 5

168.4625

163.4250

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 6

Direct for LE 2

167.2500

167.2500 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 7

Direct for LE 3

167.7500

167.7500 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 8

Direct for LE 4

168.1125

168.1125 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 9

Direct for LE 5

168.4625

168.4625 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

See“Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels”on

pages 19-21

.

CTCSS on receive only if user selectable; else CSQ.

All channels on this page are NARROWBAND only.

--34

UHF Incident Response (IR) Federal Interoperability Channels

Suggested Assignment

(subject to availability & local plans)

Channel

Name

Note

Mobile RX

(MHz)

Mobile TX

(MHz)

Incident Calling

NC 2

Calling

410.2375

419.2375

Ad hoc assignment

IR 10

410.4375

419.4375

Ad hoc assignment

IR 11

410.6375

419.6375

SAR Incident Command

IR 12

410.8375

419.8375

Ad hoc assignment

IR 13

413.1875

413.1875 (S)

Interagency Convoy

IR 14

413.2125

413.2125 (S)

Incident Calling (Direct)

IR 15

Direct for NC 2

Calling

410.2375

410.2375 (S)

Ad hoc assignment (Direct)

IR 16

Direct for IR 10

410.4375

410.4375 (S)

Ad hoc assignment (Direct)

IR 17

Direct for IR 11

410.6375

410.6375 (S)

SAR Incident Command (Direct)

IR 18

Direct for IR 12

410.8375

410.8375 (S)

See “Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels” on pages 19-21.

Default operation should be carrier squelch receive, CTCSS 167.9 transmit. If the user can enable/disable

CTCSS without reprogramming the radio, the indicated CTCSS tone also could be programmed for receive,

and the user instructed how and when to enable/disable.

--35

UHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal Interoperability Channels

Description

Channel

Name

Note

Mobile RX

(MHz)

Mobile TX

(MHz)

CTCSS or NAC

Calling

LE B

Analog

414.0375

414.0375 (S)

167.9 Tx, CSQ Rx

Tactical

LE 10

Analog

409.9875

418.9875

167.9 Tx, CSQ Rx

Tactical

LE 11

410.1875

419.1875

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 12

410.6125

419.6125

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 13

414.0625

414.0625 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 14

414.3125

414.3125 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 15

414.3375

414.3375 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 16

Direct for LE 10

Analog

409.9875

409.9875 (S)

167.9 Tx, CSQ Rx

Tactical

LE 17

Direct for LE 11

410.1875

410.1875 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

Tactical

LE 18

Direct for LE 12

410.6125

410.6125 (S)

$68F (1679

10

)

See “Conditions for Use of Federal Interoperability Channels” on pages 19-21.

CTCSS on receive only if user selectable; else CSQ.

All channels on this page are NARROWBAND only.

--36

-Non Federal UHF National Interoperability Repeater Channels

Description

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Calling

UCALL40

453.2125

458.2125

Calling

UCALL40D

453.2125

Tactical

UTAC41

453.4625

458.4625

Tactical

UTAC41D

453.4625

Tactical

UTAC42

453.7125

458.7125

Tactical

UTAC42D

453.7125

Tactical

UTAC43

453.8625

458.8625

Tactical

UTAC43D

453.8625

CTCSS 156.7 Hz (5A) transmit and receive.

All channels on this page are NARROWBAND only. Limited to 3 watts ERP North of Line A or East of Line C.

--37

UHF MED (Medical, EMS) Channels

These frequencies are NOT covered by the blanket authorization for nationwide interoperability channels.

A valid FCC license for these frequencies is required.

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Bandwidth

MED–9 *

462.950

467.950

12.5, 6.25

MED–91 *

462.95625

467.95625

6.25

MED–92 *

462.9625

467.9625

12.5, 6.25

MED–93 *

462.96875

467.96875

6.25

MED–10 *

462.975

467.975

12.5, 6.25

MED–101 *

462.98125

467.98125

6.25

MED–102 *

462.9875

467.9875

12.5, 6.25

MED–103 *

462.99375

467.99375

6.25

* Used

primarily

for dispatch; may be used for mutual aid. 47CFR90.20(d)(65).

D irect

mode

: receive & transmit on “Mobile RX” freq.; add “D” to channel name.

Repeater

mode

: m obile transmits on “Mobile TX” freq., receives on “Base & Mobile TX” freq.

CTCSS

as

required by local plan.

(continued)

-38-

UHF MED (Medical, EMS) Channels

These frequencies are NOT covered by the blanket authorization for nationwide interoperability channels.

A valid FCC license for these frequencies is required.

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Bandwidth

MED–1

463.000

468.000

12.5, 6.25

MED–11

463.00625

468.00625

6.25

MED–12

463.0125

468.0125

12.5, 6.25

MED–13

463.01875

468.01875

6.25

MED–2

463.025

468.025

12.5, 6.25

MED–21

463.03125

468.03125

6.25

MED–22

463.0375

468.0375

12.5, 6.25

MED–23

463.04375

468.04375

6.25

Direct

mode

: receive & transmit on “Mobile RX” freq.; add “D” to channel name.

Repeater

mode: mobile transmits on “Mobile TX” freq., receives on “Base & Mobile TX” freq.

CTCSS as required by local plan.

(continued)

-39-

UHF MED (Medical, EMS) Channels

These frequencies are NOT covered by the blanket authorization for nationwide interoperability channels.

A valid FCC license for these frequencies is required.

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Bandwidth

MED–3

463.050

468.050

12.5, 6.25

MED–31

463.05625

468.05625

6.25

MED–32

463.0625

468.0625

12.5, 6.25

MED–33

463.06875

468.06875

6.25

MED–4

463.075

468.075

12.5, 6.25

MED–41

463.08125

468.08125

6.25

MED–42

463.0875

468.0875

12.5, 6.25

MED–43

463.09375

468.09375

6.25

Direct mode

: receive & transmit on “Mobile RX” freq.; add “D” to channel name.

Repeater

mode: mobile transmits on “Mobile TX” freq., receives on “Base & Mobile TX” freq.

CTCSS

as required by local plan.

(continued)

-40-

UHF MED (Medical, EMS) Channels

These frequencies are NOT covered by the blanket authorization for nationwide interoperability channels.

A valid FCC license for these frequencies is required.

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Bandwidth

MED–5

463.100

468.100

12.5, 6.25

MED–51

463.10625

468.10625

6.25

MED–52

463.1125

468.1125

12.5, 6.25

MED–53

463.11875

468.11875

6.25

MED–6

463.125

468.125

12.5, 6.25

MED–61

463.13125

468.13125

6.25

MED–62

463.1375

468.1375

12.5, 6.25

MED–63

463.14375

468.14375

6.25

Direct

mode

:

receive

& transmit on “Mobile RX” freq.; add “D” to channel name.

Repeater

mode: mobile transmits on “Mobile TX” freq., receives on “Base & Mobile TX” freq.

CTCSS

as required

by local plan.

(continued)

-41-

UHF MED (Medical, EMS) Channels

These frequencies are NOT covered by the blanket authorization for nationwide interoperability channels.

A valid FCC license for these frequencies is required.

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Bandwidth

MED–7

463.150

468.150

12.5, 6.25

MED–71

463.15625

468.15625

6.25

MED–72

463.1625

468.1625

12.5, 6.25

MED–73

463.16875

468.16875

6.25

MED–8

463.175

468.175

12.5, 6.25

MED–81

463.18125

468.18125

6.25

MED–82

463.1875

468.1875

12.5, 6.25

MED–83

463.19375

468.19375

6.25

Direct

mode

: receive & transmit on “Mobile RX” freq.; add “D” to channel name.

Repeater

mode: mobile transmits on “Mobile TX” freq., receives on “Base & Mobile TX” freq.

CTCSS

as required by local plan.

--42

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels

Mode: Only P25 FDMA Phase 1 Common Air Interface permitted per FCC R&O 14-172 ¶ 87 (10/24/2014).

TX NAC: $293 (659

10

). RX NAC $F7E (3966

10

).

Talk Group ID: $00001 (1

10

)

Manufacturer’s ID: $00 (0

10

)

Message ID: $00000000000000000000 (0

10

)

Encryption:

•

No encryption on calling channels

•

Algorithm ID: $80 (128

10

)

•

Key ID: $0000 (0

10

)

“$” indicates hexadecimal value, “10” subscript indicates decimal value.

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Calling Channel *

7CALL50

769.24375

799.24375

Calling Channel *

7CALL50D

769.24375

General Public Safety

7TAC51

769.14375

799.14375

General Public Safety

7TAC51D

769.14375

General Public Safety

7TAC52

769.64375

799.64375

General Public Safety

7TAC52D

769.64375

General Public Safety

7TAC53

770.14375

800.14375

General Public Safety

7TAC53D

770.14375

* Recommended as PRIMARY calling channel for 700 MHz Band.

--43

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

General Public Safety

7TAC54

770.64375

800.64375

General Public Safety

7TAC54D

770.64375

General Public Safety

7TAC55

769.74375

799.74375

General Public Safety

7TAC55D

769.74375

General Public Safety

7TAC56

770.24375

800.24375

General Public Safety

7TAC56D

770.24375

Other Public Service

7GTAC57

770.99375

800.99375

Other Public Service

7GTAC57D

770.99375

Mobile Repeater

7MOB59

770.89375

800.89375

Mobile Repeater

7MOB59D

770.89375

Law Enforcement

7LAW61

770.39375

800.39375

Law Enforcement

7LAW61D

770.39375

Law Enforcement

7LAW62

770.49375

800.49375

Law Enforcement

7LAW62D

770.49375

--44

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Fire

7FIRE63

769.89375

799.89375

Fire

7FIRE63D

769.89375

Fire

7FIRE64

769.99375

799.99375

Fire

7FIRE64D

769.99375

EMS

7MED65

769.39375

799.39375

EMS

7MED65D

769.39375

EMS

7MED66

769.49375

799.49375

EMS

7MED66D

769.49375

Mobile Data *

7DATA69

770.74375

800.74375

Mobile Data *

7DATA69D

770.74375

Calling Channel **

7CALL70

773.25625

803.25625

Calling Channel **

7CALL70D

773.25625

* Voice communications are permitted on 7DATA69 / 7DATA69D on a secondary basis - 90.531(b)(1)(i).

** Recommended as SECONDARY calling channel or INCIDENT calling channel for 700 MHz band.

--45

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

General Public Safety

7TAC71

773.10625

803.10625

General Public Safety

7TAC71D

773.10625

General Public Safety

7TAC72

773.60625

803.60625

General Public Safety

7TAC72D

773.60625

General Public Safety

7TAC73

774.10625

804.10625

General Public Safety

7TAC73D

774.10625

General Public Safety

7TAC74

774.60625

804.60625

General Public Safety

7TAC74D

774.60625

General Public Safety

7TAC75

773.75625

803.75625

General Public Safety

7TAC75D

773.75625

General Public Safety

7TAC76

774.25625

804.25625

General Public Safety

7TAC76D

774.25625

--46

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Other Public Service

7GTAC77

774.85625

804.85625

Other Public Service

7GTAC77D

774.85625

Mobile Repeater

7MOB79

774.50625

804.50625

Mobile Repeater

7MOB79D

774.50625

Law Enforcement

7LAW81

774.00625

804.00625

Law Enforcement

7LAW81D

774.00625

Law Enforcement

7LAW82

774.35625

804.35625

Law Enforcement

7LAW82D

774.35625

--47

700 MHz Nationwide Interoperability Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Fire

7FIRE83

773.50625

803.50625

Fire

7FIRE83D

773.50625

Fire

7FIRE84

773.85625

803.85625

Fire

7FIRE84D

773.85625

EMS

7MED86

773.00625

803.00625

EMS

7MED86D

773.00625

EMS

7MED87

773.35625

803.35625

EMS

7MED87D

773.35625

Mobile Data *

7DATA89

774.75625

804.75625

Mobile Data *

7DATA89D

774.75625

* Voice communications are permitted on 7DATA89 / 7DATA89D on a secondary basis - 90.531(b)(1)(i).

--48

700 MHz Nationwide Air-Ground Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Air - Ground

7AG58

769.13125

799.13125

Air - Ground

7AG58D

769.13125

Air - Ground

7AG60

769.63125

799.63125

Air - Ground

7AG60D

769.63125

Air - Ground

7AG67

770.13125

800.13125

Air - Ground

7AG67D

770.13125

Air - Ground

7AG68

770.63125

800.63125

Air - Ground

7AG68D

770.63125

(Continued)

TX NAC: $293 (659

10

). RX NAC $F7E (3966

10

). These channels are reserved for air-ground communications

to be used by low-altitude aircraft and ground based stations: See FCC rule 90.531(7). (i) Airborne use of

these channels is limited to aircraft flying at or below 457 meters (1500 feet) above ground level. (ii) Aircraft

are limited to 2 watts effective radiated power (ERP) when transmitting while airborne on these channels.

(iii) Aircraft may transmit on either the mobile or base transmit side of the channel pair. (iv) States are

responsible for the administration of these channels.

These are NOT nationwide interoperability channels.

--49

700 MHz Nationwide Air-Ground Channels

Primary Use

Channel Name

Mobile RX (MHz)

Mobile TX (MHz)

Air - Ground

7AG78

773.11875

803.11875

Air - Ground

7AG78D

773.11875

Air - Ground

7AG80

773.61875

803.61875

Air - Ground

7AG80D

773.61875

Air - Ground

7AG85

774.11875

804.11875

Air - Ground

7AG85D

774.11875

Air - Ground

7AG88

774.61875

804.61875

Air - Ground (LZ)*

7AG88D

774.61875

* 7AG88D is recommended for Landing Zone use.

TX NAC: $293 (659

10

). RX NAC $F7E (3966

10

). These channels are reserved for air-ground

communications to be used by low-altitude aircraft and ground based stations: See FCC rule 90.531(7).

(i) Airborne use of these channels is limited to aircraft flying at or below 457 meters (1500 feet) above

ground level. (ii) Aircraft are limited to 2 watts effective radiated power (ERP) when transmitting

while airborne on these channels. (iii) Aircraft may transmit on either the mobile or base transmit side of

the channel pair. (iv) States are responsible for the administration of these channels. These are NOT

nationwide interoperability channels.

--50

Non-Federal 800 MHz National Mutual Aid Repeater Channels

Description

Ch. Name

Mobile RX (MHz)*

Mobile TX (MHz)*

Calling

8CALL90

851.0125 (866.0125)

806.0125 (821.0125)

Calling – Direct

8CALL90D

851.0125 (866.0125)

Tactical

8TAC91

851.5125 (866.5125)

806.5125 (821.5125)

Tactical – Direct

8TAC91D

851.5125 (866.5125)

Tactical

8TAC92

852.0125 (867.0125)

807.0125 (822.0125)

Tactical – Direct

8TAC92D

852.0125 (867.0125)

Tactical

8TAC93

852.5125 (867.5125)

807.5125 (822.5125)

Tactical – Direct

8TAC93D

852.5125 (867.5125)

Tactical

8TAC94

853.0125 (868.0125)

808.0125 (823.0125)

Tactical – Direct

8TAC94D

853.0125 (868.0125)

CTCSS 156.7(5A) receive and transmit.

*The frequency in parenthesis, which is 15 MHz higher, is the frequency used before rebanding -

channel names were ICALL, ITAC1 - ITAC4. Wideband FM 20K0F3E before and after rebanding.

--51

25 Cities Project Federal Interoperability Channels

The 25 Cities Federal Interoperability Channels mostly use FBI infrastructure in and around major

urban areas to provide wide area VHF coverage. The channels are for use by all Federal, state,

local, and tribal agencies. The primary designated use of the channels is for interoperable

communications among agencies during both pre-planned and emergency events. The channels

may be available for internal agency communications. All pre-planned use must be coordinated

with the local FBI Telecommunications Manager. Federal, state, local, and tribal agencies are

authorized to and encouraged to program the 25 Cities frequencies into their land mobile radio

subscriber devices. Most Federal agencies include the 25 Cities frequencies in their codeplugs.

Most 25 Cities VHF channels are accessible by non-VHF users via permanent or ad hoc patching

capabilities provided to many agencies as part of the 25 Cities Project. Please note that in certain

of the 25 Cities, the channels use the VHF Law Enforcement (LE) Federal Interoperability Channel

pairs: Baltimore (BA LE 3); Boston (BS LE 4); Charlotte (CE LE 4); Milwaukee (MW FIOLE2, MW

FIOLE3, and MW FIOLE5); Newark (NK FIO LE 2); San Juan/Puerto Rico (SJ LE 2, SJ LE 3, SJ

LE 4, and SJ LE 5), and Washington, D.C. (DC LE 2). For a current list of the 25 Cities

frequencies and the contact information for the local FBI Telecommunications Managers, please

contact:

Rob Zanger, DOJ / FBI

202-305-5071 [email protected]

Information as of December 4, 2018

--52

-53-

City

Channel Name

ATLANTA

ATL FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

BALTIMORE

BA LE 3 (VHF P25 Voted System)

BOSTON

BPD FIO (VHF Analog Voted System)

BOSTON

BS LE 4, BK FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

CHARLOTTE

CE LE 4 (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

CHICAGO

CGCOM-N, CGCOM-C, CGCOM-S

(VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

CHICAGO

CGTAC-N, CGTAC-C, CGTAC-S

(VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

DALLAS

DFW-E (VHF P25 Voted System)

DALLAS

DFW-W (VHF P25 Voted System)

DENVER

DEN IO-N, DEN IO-E, DEN IO-C, DEN IO-S, DEN IO-W

(VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

EL PASO

ELP FIO-W, ELP FIO-E

(VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

(continued)

-54-

25 Cities Project Federal Interoperability Channels – continued

City

Channel Name

HONOLULU

HNL FIO (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

HONOLULU

HNL FIO2 (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

HONOLULU

HNL LE 4 (VHF P25 Transportable 125 watt repeater)

HONOLULU

HNL FIRE (VHF Analog Voted System)

HOUSTON

HOU CMD (VHF P25 Voted System)

HOUSTON

HOU PAT (VHF P25 Voted System)

LOS ANGELES

LA FIO1 (VHF P25 Voted System)

LOS ANGELES

LA FIO2 (VHF P25 Voted System)

LOS ANGELES

LA FIO3 (VHF P25 Voted System)

MIAMI

MIA FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

MILWAUKEE

MW FIOLE2 (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

MILWAUKEE

MW FIOLE3 (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

MILWAUKEE

MW FIOLE5 (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

(continued)

-55-

25 Cities Project Federal Interoperability Channels – continued

City

Channel Name

MINNEAPOLIS

FED-MP, FED-SP (VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

NEWARK NJ

NK FIO LE 2 (VHF P25 Voted System)

NEW HAVEN

CFedcom-N, CFedcom-S, CFedcom-E, CFedcom-W

(VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

NEW ORLEANS

NOLA FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

NEW YORK

NYC FIO (NYC), NYC FIO-N (Orange-Putnam), NYC FIO-E (Suffolk

County), NYC FIO-S (Central NJ) (VHF P25 Multicast Voted system)

NEW YORK

NYC FIO2 (VHF P25 Voted System)

NORFOLK /

HAMPTON ROADS

HRN FIOP DRI, HRN FIOP TOA (VHF P25 Voted System)

ORLANDO

ORL FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

PHILADELPHIA

PH FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

RICHMOND VA

RH LE4, PB LE5 (VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

(continued)

-56-

25 Cities Project Federal Interoperability Channels – continued

City

Channel Name

SAN DIEGO

SD-VHF (VHF Analog Voted System

with Transmitter Selected by RCS Dispatchers)

SAN FRANCISCO

SF MA V-A (VHF Analog or Digital Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

SF MA U-A (UHF Analog or Digital Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

CLEMARS 7 (LLAW1) (Low Band Wideband Analog Stand-alone repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

SF MAT-A (UHF-T Band Wideband Analog Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

8TAC94 (800 MHz Wideband Analog Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

SF FED-V (VHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

SF FED-U (UHF P25 Stand-alone 125 watt repeater)

SAN FRANCISCO

All of the above repeaters can be networked together.

SAN FRANCISCO

SF FED-ED, SF FED-ES, SF FED-ET, SF FED-EW

(VHF P25 Multicast Voted System)

(c

ontinued)

-57-

25 Cities Project Federal Interoperability Channels – continued

City

Channel Name

SAN JUAN

SJ LE 2 ME (VHF P25 Multicast System)

SAN JUAN

SJ LE 3 YQ (VHF P25 Multicast System)

SAN JUAN

SJ LE 4 CS (VHF P25 Multicast System)

SAN JUAN

SJ LE 5 CP (VHF P25 Multicast System)

SAN JUAN

SJ LE 2 STT (VHF P25 Multicast System)

ST LOUIS

STL CALL (VHF P25 Voted System)

ST LOUIS

STL TAC (VHF P25 Voted System)

ST LOUIS

8CALL90 (800 MHz Wideband Simulcast Repeater System)

TAMPA

TAM FIO (VHF P25 Voted System)

WASHINGTON DC

DC IO-1 (VHF P25 Voted System)

WASHINGTON DC

DC LE 2 (VHF P25 Voted System)

NATIONWIDE

J-SMART (Talkgroup # 15)

(Ligado [former LightSquared] MSAT Radio PTT)

COMMON COMMUNICATIONS REFERENCES

Operations Center Telephone Numbers

DHS Main Number …………………………………………………….…. 202-282-8000

NOC Senior Watch Officer …………………………………….….. 202-282-8101

NCC Watch ……………………………………………………….… 703-235-5080

SHARES HF Radio …………………………………………….…. 703-235-5329

FCC

SHARES Email [email protected]

Federal Communications Commission

FCC Operations Center (FCCOC) …………………………….…. 202-418-1122, - 2813 FAX

FCC Email [email protected] / [email protected]

General Info (1-888-CALL-FCC) ……………………………….… 1-888-225-5322,

1-866-418-0232 FAX

FEMA

Federal Emergency Management Agency

National Watch Center ………………………………………….… 202-646-2828

National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) ……………… 202-212-2424

NRCC Email [email protected]

FPS Federal Protective Service, National Emergency Number .……. 1-877-4FPS-411 (437-7411)

ARC American National Red Cross

24-hr Disaster Operations Center ……………………………….. 800-526-3571, 202-303-555

5

ARRL American Radio Relay League Email [email protected]

Main Number ………………………………………………………. 860-594-0200, - 0259 FAX

Emergency Preparedness Manager ………………………….…. 860-594-0222

Radio Station W1AW ……………………………………………… 860-594-0268

--58

ESF #1: Transportation

ESF #2: Communications

ESF #3: Public Works and

Engineering

ESF #4: Firefighting

ESF #5: Emergency Management

ESF #6: Mass Care, Housing, and

Human Services

ESF #7: Resource Support

ESF #8: Public Health and Medical

Services

ESF #9: Urban Search & Rescue

ESF #10: Oil & Hazardous Materials

Response

ESF #11: Agriculture and

Resources

Natural

ESF #12: Energy

ESF #13: Public Safety and Security

ESF #14: National Disaster Recovery

Framework

ESF #15: External Affairs

Telephone number for all ESFs

during activations 202-212-2424

Emergency Support Functions (ESF)

--59

FEMA Regions - States and Territories

Region I: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT – 1-617-956-7506 or 1-877-336-2734

Region II: NJ, NY, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands

NJ and NY: 1-212-680-3600

PR and USVI: 1-787-296-3500

Region III: DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV – 1-215-931-5500

Region IV: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN – 1-770-220-5200

Region V: IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI – 1-312-408-5500

Region VI: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX – 1-940-898-5399

Region VII: IA, KS, MO, NE – 1-816-283-7061

Region VIII: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY – 1-303-235-4800

Region IX: AZ, CA, Guam (GU), HI, NV, CNMI, RMI, FSM, American Samoa

(AS) – 1-510-627-7100

Region X: AK, ID, OR, WA – 1-425-487-4600

FEMA Headquarters, Washington DC: 1-202-646-2500

FEMA Disaster Assistance: 1-800-621-FEMA (3362)

-60-

U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Centers

24 hour Regional Contacts for Emergencies

Last Modified 10/02/2018

RCC

Location

Phone Number

Atlantic Area SAR

Coordinator

Portsmouth, VA

(757) 398-6700

RCC Boston

Boston, MA

(617) 223-8555

RCC Norfolk

Portsmouth, VA

(757) 398-6231

RCC Miami

Miami, FL

(305) 415-6800

RSC San Juan

San Juan, PR

(787) 289-2042

RCC New Orleans

New Orleans, LA

(504) 589-6225

RCC Cleveland

Cleveland, OH

(216) 902-6117

Pacific SAR Coordinator

Alameda, CA

(510) 437-3701

RCC Alameda

Alameda, CA

(510) 437-3701

RCC Seattle

Seattle, WA

(206) 220-7001

RCC Honolulu

Honolulu, HI

(808) 535-3333

Sector Guam

Santa Rita, GU

(671) 355-4824

RCC Juneau

Juneau, Alaska

(907) 463-2000

-61-

CTCSS Tones and Codes

Freq.

(Hz)

Motorola

Code

NIFC &

CA Fire *

Freq.

(Hz)

Motorola

Code

NIFC &

CA Fire *

67.0

XZ

17

136.5

4Z

4

69.3**

WZ

141.3

4A

13

71.9

XA

18

146.2

4B

5

74.4

WA

19

151.4

5Z

14

77.0

XB

20

156.7

5A

6

79.7

WB

21

162.2

5B

15

82.5

YZ

22

167.9

6Z

7

85.4

YA

23

173.8

6A

29

88.5

YB

24

179.9

6B

30

91.5

ZZ

25

186.2

7Z

31

94.8

ZA

26

192.8

7A

16

97.4

ZB

27

203.5

M1

32

100.0

1Z

9

206.5

8Z

103.5

1A

8

210.7

M2

107.2

1B

10

218.1

M3

110.9

2Z

1

225.7

M4

114.8

2A

11

229.1

9Z

118.8

2B

28

233.6

M5

123.0

3Z

2

241.8

M6

127.3

3A

12

250.3

M7

131.8

3B

3

254.1

0Z

* California FIRESCOPE tone list, used by NIFC and CA fire agencies

Ref. http://WWW.FIRESCOPE.ORG/macs-docs/MACS-441-1.pdf

** 69.4 in some radios

--62

DCS Codes

Normal

Inverted

Nor.

Inv.

Nor.

Inv.

Nor.

Inv.

023

047

155

731

325*

526

516

432

025

244

156

265

331

465

523*

246

026

464

162

503

332*

455

526*

325

031

627

165

251

343

532

343

036*

172

036

346

612

546

132

043

445

174

074

351

243

565

703

047

023

205

263

364

131

606

631

051

032

212*

356

365

125

612

346

053*

452

223

134

371

734

624

632

054

413

225*

122

411

226

627

031

065

271

226

411

412

143

631

606

071

306

243

351

413

054

632

624

072

245

244

025

423

315

654

743

073

506

245

072

431

723

662

466

074

174

246*

523

432

516

664

311

114

712

251

165

445

043

703

565

115

152

252*

462

446*

255

712

114

116

754

255*

446

452*

053

723

431

122*

225

261

732

454*

266

731

155

125

365

263

205

455*

332

732

261

131

364

265

156

462*

252

734

371

132

546

266*

454

464

026

743

654

134

223

271

065

465

331

754

116

143

412

274*

145

466

662

145*

274

306

071

503

162

152

115

311

664

506

073

032

051

315

423

* This Code is not standard amongst sampling of 12 different radios checked.

--63

P25 Digital Codes

NAC – Network Access Codes

$293 659

default NAC

10

$F7E

3966

receiver will un-squelch with any incoming NAC

10

$F7F

3967

a repeater with this NAC will allow incoming signals to be

10

repeated with the NAC intact

TGID – Talkgroup ID

$0001

1

default

10

$0000

0

no-one, talkgroup with no users – used for individual call

10

$FFFF 65535

a repeater with this NAC will allow incoming signals to be

10

repeated with the NAC intact

Unit ID

$000000 0

default

10

$000001-$98767F

1 – 9991807

10 10

no-one, talkgroup with no users –

used for individual call

$989680-$FFFFFE

10000000

a repeater with this NAC will allow

10

incoming signals to be repeated with

-16777214

10

the NAC intact

$FFFFFF 16777215

designates everyone –

10

used when

implementing a group call with a

TGID3

Note: Project 25 System Administrators should be aware of possible Unit ID conflicts

when conducting operations with neighboring jurisdictions. System administrators

should coordinate Unit IDs with agencies likely to operate on their system(s) to address

any radio Unit ID conflicts.

“$” indicates hexadecimal values, “10” subscript indicates decimal value.

--64

RS-232 Connectors (DB25 and DE9)

“Front” refers to the ends with the pins; “rear” refers to the end with the cable.

The following is a view of the pins, looking at the front of the female connector

(rear of male):

same for DB25, except top pins 13 - 1, bottom 25 - 14 (left to right)

DE9

DB25

Signal

1

8

Carrier Detect

2

3

Receive Data

3

2

Transmit Data*

4

20

Data Terminal Ready*

5

1,7

Ground **

6

Data Set Ready

7

4

Request to Send*

8

5

Clear to Send

9

22

Ring Indicator

* An output from the computer to the outside world.

** On the DB25, 1 is the protective ground, 7 is the signal ground.

--65

RJ-45 Wiring

T568A (less common)

T568B (more common)

Pair

Color

Name

Color

Name

1

2

white/green

RecvData +

white/orange

TxData +

2

green

RecvData -

orange

TxData -

3

white/orange

TxData +

white/green

RecvData +

4

1

blue

5

1

white/blue

6

3

orange

TxData -

green

RecvData -

7

4

white/brown

8

4

brown

Note that the odd pin numbers are always the white-with-stripe color.

A straight cable has both ends the same –

both T568A (older standard) or

both T568B (newer standard).

A crossover cable has one end wired as

T568A, the other as T568B.

--66

IP Addresses - Private Networks

These IP address ranges may be used in private networks. They may not be

routed to the public internet.

IPv4 Address Range

Number of Addresses

Subnet Mask

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

16,777,216

255.0.0.0

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

1,048,576

255.240.0.0

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

65,536

255.255.0.0

IPv6 address block fc00::/7 is reserved for Unique Local Addresses

Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz Non-Overlapping Channels

Protocol

Bandwidth

Channel

Center Freq

802.11b

22 MHz

1

2412 MHz

802.11b

22 MHz

6

2437 MHz

802.11b

22 MHz

11

2462 MHz

802.11g/n

20 MHz

1

2412 MHz

802.11g/n

20 MHz

6

2437 MHz

802.11g/n

20 MHz

11

2462 MHz

802.11n

40 MHz

3

2422 MHz

Use 5 GHz Wi-Fi instead of 2.4 GHz whenever possible to avoid interference

from non- Wi-Fi devices such as cordless phones that operate in the 2.4 GHz

band.

--67

Public Domain Name System (DNS) Servers

DNS servers resolve IP addresses from hostnames to numeric IP addresses.

Firewall ports 53/UDP and 53/TCP must be open. Others are available; no

endorsement implied.

Provider

Primary DNS Server

Secondary DNS Server

Level3

209.244.0.3

209.244.0.4

Google (IPv4)

8.8.8.8

8.8.4.4

Google (IPv6)

2001:4860:4860::8888

2001:4860:4860::8844

OpenDNS Home

208.67.222.222

208.67.220.220

Public Network Time Protocol (NTP) Servers

Others are available; no endorsement implied.

Domain Name

IP Address

0.pool.ntp.org

(randomly assigned)

1.pool.ntp.org

(randomly assigned)

2.pool.ntp.org

(randomly assigned)

3.pool.ntp.org

(randomly assigned)

tick.usno.navy.mil

192.5.41.40

tock.usno.navy.mil

192.5.41.41

bigben.cac.washington.edu

140.142.16.34

ntp-nasa.arc.nasa.gov

198.123.30.132

--68

CISCO Tactical Operations

Cisco Tactical Operations provides temporary, mission-critical voice, data and

video service to first responder, state, local, and Federal agencies, critical

infrastructure and humanitarian aid organizations. Services may be provided

for pre-planned and disaster incidents, subject to availability. This is a best-

effort, pro-bono service.

For additional information see http://www.cisco.com/go/tacops or email

[email protected]

Emergency Contact Information

Email: [email protected]

24x7 Hotline: 1-919-392-4646

Be prepared to provide:

• Requesting individual’s name, agency, title, phone, email

• Exact location(s) of incident

• Business need (e.g. telephone, internet, radio interoperability, video

surveillance)

• Approximate number of users

• Expected duration

• Current ground situation re: logistics, security, personnel support etc.

--69

-70-

Telephone Block Wiring

Pair Tip/Ring

Base /Stripe

Color

66/110 Block

50 Pin RJ-21

1T

W/BL

1

26

1R

BL/W

2

1

2T

W/O

3

27

2R

O/W

4

2

3T

W/G

5

28

3R

G/W

6

3

4T

W/BR

7

29

4R

BR/W

8

4

5T

W/S

9

30

5R

S/W

10

5

6T

R/BL

11

31

6R

BL/R

12

6

7T

R/O

13

32

7R

O/R

14

7

8T

R/G

15

33

8R

G/R

16

8

9T

R/BR

17

34

9R

BR/R

18

9

10T

R/S

19

35

10R

S/R

20

10

11T

BK/BL

21

36

11R

BL/BK

22

11

12T

BK/O

23

37

12R

O/BK

24

12

Base colors: W-white, R-red, BK-black, Y-yellow, V-violet

Stripe colors: BL-blue, O-orange, G-green, BR-brown, S-slate

-71-

Telephone Block Wiring – continued

Pair Tip/Ring

Base /Stripe

Color

66/110 Block

50 Pin RJ-21

13T

BK/G

25

38

13R

G/BK

26

13

14T

BK/BR

27

39

14R

BR/BK

28

14

15T

BK/S

29

40

15R

S/BK

30

15

16T

Y/BL

31

41

16R

BL/Y

32

16

17T

Y/O

33

42

17R

O/Y

34

17

18T

Y/G

35

43

18R

G/Y

36

18

19T

Y/BR

37

44

19R

BR/Y

38

19

20T

Y/S

39

45

20R

S/Y

40

20

21T

V/BL

41

46

21R

BL/V

42

21

22T

V/O

43

47

22R

O/V

44

22

23T

V/G

45

48

23R

G/V

46

23

24T

V/BR

47

49

24R

BR/V

48

24

25T

V/S

49

50

25R

S/V

50

25

Base colors: W-white, R-red, BK-black, Y-yellow, V-violet

Stripe colors: BL-blue, O-orange, G-green, BR-brown, S-slate

Telephone Connectors

Pin numbers are from left to right, holding the plug with the contacts up

and looking at the side that does not have the spring clip.

“T” and “R” indicate “Tip” and “Ring”.

RJ25

RJ14

RJ11

1

T3

2

T2

3

R1

4

T1

5

R2

6

R3

Circuit

Twisted-Pair Colors

25-Pair Colors

Solid Colors

T1

White/Blue

Green

R1

Blue

Blue/White

Red

T2

White/Orange

Black

R2

Orange

Orange/White

Yellow

T3

White/Green

White

R3

Green

Green/White

Blue

T4

White/Brown

Orange

R4

Brown

Brown/White

Brown

--72

Telephone Keypad Letters

1: (QZ)

2: ABC

3: DEF

4: GHI

5: JKL

6: MNO

7: P(Q)RS

8: TUV

9: WXY(Z)

*

0

#

N11 Numbers

N11 Code

Description

2-1-1

Community information and referral services

3-1-1

Non-emergency police and other government services

4-1-1

Directory assistance

5-1-1

Traffic and transportation information

6-1-1

Repair service

7-1-1

Telecommunications relay services

8-1-1

Utility excavation notification - “Call Before You Dig”

9-1-1

Emergency services

https://www.nationalnanpa.com/number_resource_info/n11_codes.html

DSN Area Codes

Defense Switched Network - Global Operator – 1-719-567-1110

(DSN 312-560-1110)

https://www.disa.mil/Network-Services/Voice/SBU-Voice/Using-DSN/

DSN-Tutorial/Area-Codes

312 –

CONUS

313 –

Caribbean

314 –

Europe

315 –

Pacific

317 –

Alaska

318 –

Southwest Asia

319 –

Canada

DSN Directory - Global

https://www.disa.mil/network-services/voice/sbu-voice/directory

--73

Cellular Telephone Emergency Response

Some cellular telephone companies have transportable cell sites

(Cellular On Wheels – COWs, Cellular on Light Trucks – COLTs, etc.)

that can be deployed during disasters, emergencies, and special events.

Local jurisdictions are encouraged to coordinate with their established

service provider representatives for local events; however, the U.S.

Department of Homeland Security – National Coordinating Center for

Telecommunications will assist jurisdictions with referrals to corporate

level contacts for wireless/wireline service provider representatives if

needed.

The NCC Watch can be reached 24x7 at 1-703-235-5080 or

email [email protected]

--74

Satellite Phone Dialing Instructions

Iridium PIN (default) is 1111

(enter when powering-on the Iridium Subscriber Unit)

From a US Landline

Two-Stage Dialing: 1-480-768-2500, at prompt 12-digit Iridium number

To an Iridium phone directly as an International Call

011 + 8816xxxxxxx (Iridium Phone Number)

To an Iridium phone via toll call to Chandler AZ (“two-stage dialing”):

1-480-768-2500, follow prompts to enter Iridium phone number

To an M4 phone directly as an International Call

011 + 870 + 76xxxxxxx (Mobile Number)

From an M4 or BGAN: [Note - Cannot call Toll-Free numbers]

To a US Phone number:

00 + 1 + (10-digit US phone number) + #

To an Iridium phone directly

00 + 8816xxxxxxx (Iridium Phone Number) + #

To an M4 phone directly

00 + 870 + 76xxxxxxx (Mobile Number) + #

From an Iridium provisioned commercially

To a US Phone number

00 + 1 + xxx.xxx.xxxx (US phone number)

To an Iridium phone directly

00 + 8816xxxxxxx (Iridium Phone Number)

To an M4 phone directly

00 + 870 + 76xxxxxxx (Mobile Number)

Test call - no airtime charge: 00 + 1 + 480.752.5105

--75

From an Iridium provisioned by DOD

ISU (Iridium Subscriber Unit) to DSN

00 + 696 + (DSN Area Code) + (DSN 7-digit number)

ISU to U.S. Domestic

00 + 697 + (U.S. Area Code) + (7-digit US number)

ISU to International Long Distance (ILD)

00 + 698 + (Country Code) + (“National Destination Code” or

“City Code”) + (Subscriber Number)

ISU to INMARSAT

00 + 698 + 870 + (INMARSAT subscriber number)

ISU to Local Hawaii

00 + 699 + (7-digit local commercial number)

1-800 toll-free 00 + 699 + 1+ 800 + (7-digits)

ISU to ISU, handset-to-handset

00 + (12-digit ISU subscriber number, e.g., 8816 763-xxxxx)

INMARSAT Country Code

All INMARSAT satellite telephones now use country code 870.

The Ocean Region Codes were discontinued January 1, 2009:

871 Atlantic Ocean Region – East [AOR-East]

872 Pacific Ocean Region [POR]

873 Indian Ocean Region [IOR]

874 Atlantic Ocean Region – West [AOR-West]

Inmarsat Customer Care Helpline - international direct dialing from USA

to London, United Kingdom: 011 44 20 7728 1030

--76

-

INMARSAT-M Service Codes

00

Automatic Calls

11

International Operator

12

International Information

13

National Operator

14

National Information

17

Telephone Call Booking

20

Access to a Maritime PAD

23

Abbreviated Dialing

24

Post FAX

31

Maritime Enquiries

32

Medical Advice

33

Technical Assistance

34

Person-to-Person Call

35

Collect Call

36

Credit Card Call

37

Time and Duration

38

Medical Assistance

39

Maritime Assistance

41

Meteorological Reports

42

Navigational Hazards and Warnings

43

Ship Position Reports

57

Retrieval of Mailbox Messages

6x

Administration, Specialized Use

70

Databases

91

Automatic Line Test

911

Emergency Calls

92

Commissioning Tests

--77

Priority Telecommunications Programs

For assistance and information on all DHS Emergency Communications Division

Priority Telecommunications programs, contact the DHS Priority

Telecommunications

Service Center at 1-866-627-2255, 703-676-2255, or [email protected]

GETS – Govt. Emergency Telecommunications Service

http://www.dhs.gov/gets

(see next page for GETS access info)

WPS – Wireless Priority Service

http://www.dhs.gov/wps

(see next page for WPS access info)

GETS and WPS provide priority on voice networks - not data.

TSP – Telecommunications Service Priority

http://www.dhs.gov/tsp

For TSP restoration service, contact the telephone service provider with the TSP

authorization codes for the affected circuits and request TSP service. TSP

restoration service is available only for circuits that have been enrolled in the

TSP program before the outage occurred.

For TSP priority provisioning, contact the TSP Program Office at 1-703-235-

5613 or 1-703-235-5359 – outside of normal business hours, contact the NCC

Watch at 1-703-235-5080.

--78

Government Emergency Telecommunications Service Card

--79

Text Messaging

Selected US & Canadian Cellular Text Messaging Carriers

“number” is the 10-digit mobile telephone number, unless 11-digit-number is

specified

Alltel

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

AT&T

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

Bell Canada

SMS & MMS: [email protected]

Boost Mobile

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

C Spire Wireless

SMS & MMS: [email protected]

Cricket Wireless

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]t

Metro PCS

SMS & MMS: [email protected] or

[email protected]

Qwest

SMS & MMS: [email protected]

SouthernLinc Wireless

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

Sprint

SMS & MMS: [email protected]

or [email protected]

T-Mobile

SMS & MMS: 10-[email protected]

Continued

--80

Text Messaging (continued)

Telus Mobility

SMS & MMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

TracFone

SMS & MMS: [email protected]

U.S. Cellular

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

Verizon

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

Virgin Mobile

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

Alaska

Alaska Communications

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: 11[email protected]

General Communications

Inc. (GCI)

SMS: [email protected]

MMS: [email protected]

Puerto Rico

Centennial Wireless

SMS: [email protected]

Claro

SMS: [email protected]

TracFone

SMS: [email protected]

U.S. Virgin Islands

Centennial Wireless

SMS: [email protected]

TracFone

MMS: [email protected]

Worldwide

Iridium

SMS: [email protected]

--81

Line-of-Sight Formulas

Visual Line-of-Sight

Approximate distance in miles = 1.33 x √ (height in feet)

Radio Line-of-Sight

D = √(2Hr) + √(2Ht)

Where:

D = approximate distance (range) to radio horizon in miles

Hr = height of receive antenna in feet

Ht = height of transmit antenna in feet

These are rough estimates, which do not take into account power or frequency.

Range

(miles)

Tx Ant.

Height (ft)

Rx Ant.

Height (ft)

8

10

5.5

10

20

5.5

11

30

5.5

12

40

5.5

13

50

5.5

16

75

5.5

17

100

5.5

Range

(miles)

Tx Ant.

Height (ft)

Rx Ant.

Height (ft)

21

150

5.5

23

200

5.5

28

300

5.5

32

400

5.5

35

500

5.5

42

750

5.5

48

1000

5.5

--82

Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) Filing Instructions

File a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) with the FAA to alert aircraft pilots of any

hazards (such as a temporary tower or tethered antenna platform).

Filing Instructions:

1. Before calling FAA have Tower Registration number or ASR number, which

is the 7-digit number assigned to the tower by the FCC; and the nearest airport

to tower.

2. Call 1-877-4-US-NTMS (1-877-487-6867) - you will be prompted to enter

state abbreviation (use letters on telephone keypad -

page 73

) or to verbally

indicate a state.

3. Log the file number you will be given by the Flight Service Center attendant.

4. NOTAMs are valid for 15 days and will expire unless a new NOTAM is filed.

When filing a NOTAM for the erection of obstacles near airfields including

temporary heliports it may be helpful to have the latitude, longitude, height

above ground level, and type of obstruction lighting used (steady red, flashing

etc.)

NOTAMs are issued (and reported) for a number of reasons, such as:

− hazards such as air-shows, parachute jumps, kite flying, lasers, rocket

launches etc.

− inoperable radio navigational aids

− inoperable lights on tall obstructions

− temporary erection of obstacles near airfields (e.g., cranes, portable towers)

FAA NOTAMs, ARTCC Notices, TFRs and Special Notices

https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/PilotWeb/

Defense Internet NOTAM Service

https://www.notams.faa.gov/dinsQueryWeb/

Other FAA telephone numbers:

Flight Service Stations: 1-800-WX-BRIEF (1-800-992-7433)

FAA Main Number: 1-866-TELL-FAA (1-866-835-5322)

--83

COMMONLY USED FREQUENCIES

Aviation Frequencies

121.5 Emergency & Distress

122.9 SAR Secondary and Training

123.1SAR

122.925 – for use only for communications with or between aircraft when

coordinating natural resources programs of Federal or state natural resources

agencies, including forestry management and fire suppression, fish and game

management and protection and environmental monitoring and protection.

Typical Uses

Fixed Wing

Rotary Wing

Air-to-Air

122.750 F

122.850 M

122.925 M

122.975 U

123.025 A

123.075 U

Air-to-Ground

122.850 M

122.925 M

122.975 U

123.025 A

123.075 U

A – Helicopter air-to-air, air traffic control operations.

F – Fixed-wing air-to-air. M – Multicom. U – Unicom.

Ask FAA/FCC for emergency use of 123.3 or 123.5 (flight training).

All frequencies on this page use AM (emission designator 6K00A3E).

--84

VHF Marine Channel Listing

This chart summarizes a portion of the FCC rules – 47 CFR 80.371(c)

and 80.373(f)

Type of Message

Appropriate

Channels *

DISTRESS SAFETY AND CALLING - Use this channel to

get the attention of another station (calling) or in

emergencies (distress and safety).

16

INTERSHIP SAFETY - Use this channel for ship-to-ship

6

safety messages and for search and rescue messages to

ships and aircraft of the Coast Guard.

COAST GUARD LIAISON - Use this channel to talk to

the Coast Guard (but first make contact on Channel 16).

1022

COAST GUARD - These channels are Coast Guard

1021, 1023,

1081, 1083

working channels, not available to commercial or non-

commercial vessels for normal use.

U.S. Government - Environmental protection operations.

1081

U.S. Government - This channel is a working channel for

U.S. Government vessels and U.S. Government coast

stations only.

1082

NONCOMMERCIAL - Working channels for voluntary

boats. Messages must be about the needs of the ship.

Typical uses include fishing reports, rendezvous,

scheduling repairs and berthing information. Use

Channels 67 and 72 only for ship-to- ship messages.

9

6

, 67

9

, 68,

69, 71

8

, 72,

1078, 1079

4

,

10

80

4

--85

Type of Message

Appropriate

Channels *

COMMERCIAL - Working channels for working ships

only. Messages must be about business or the needs of

the ship. Use channels 8, 67, 72 and 88 only for ship-to-

ship messages.

1001

5

, 1007,

8, 9, 10, 11,

1018, 1019,

1063

5

,

67

7

,

1079, 1080,

88

1

PUBLIC CORRESPONDENCE (MARINE OPERATOR) -

Use these channels to call the marine operator at a public

coast station. By contacting a public coast station, you

can make and receive calls from telephones on shore.

Except for distress calls, public coast stations usually

charge for this service.

24, 25, 26,

27, 28, 84,

85, 86

PORT OPERATIONS - These channels are used in

directing the movement of ships in or near ports, locks or

waterways. Messages must be about the operational

handling movement and safety of ships. In certain major

ports, Channels 11, 12 and 14 are not available for

general port operations messages. Use channel 20 only

for ship-to-coast messages. Channel 77 is limited to

intership communications to and from pilots.

1001

5

, 1005

3

,

12, 14, 20,

1063

5

,

1065,

1066, 73, 74,

75

10

,76

10

, 77

NAVIGATIONAL - (Also known as the bridge-to-bridge

channel.) This channel is available to all ships. Messages

must be about ship navigation, for example, passing or

meeting other ships. You must keep your messages

short. Your power output must not be more than one

watt. This is also the main working channel at most locks

and drawbridges.

13, 67

--86

Type of Message

Appropriate

Channels *

MARITIME CONTROL - This channel may be used to

talk to ships and coast stations operated by state or local

governments. Messages must pertain to regulation and

control, boating activities, or assistance to ships.

17

DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING - Use this channel for

distress and safety calling and for general purpose calling

using only digital selective calling techniques.

70

WEATHER - On these channels you may receive

weather broadcasts of the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration. These channels are only for

receiving. You cannot transmit on them.

WX1 through

WX7

Footnotes

1. Not available in the Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Seaway, or the Puget

Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca and its approaches.

2. Only for use In the Great Lakes, St Lawrence Seaway, and Puget

Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca and its approaches.

3. Available only in the Houston and New Orleans areas.

4. Available only in the Great Lakes.

5. Available only in the New Orleans area.

6. Available for intership, ship, and coast general purpose calling by

noncommercial ships.

7. Available only In the Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

--87

Type of Message

Appropriate

Channels *

8. Available for port operations communications only within the U.S.

Coast Guard designated VTS radio protection area of Seattle (Puget

Sound). Normal output must not exceed 1 watt.

9. Available for navigational communications only in the Mississippi

River/Southwest Pass/Gulf outlet area.

10. Available for navigation-related port operations or ship movement

only. Output power limited to 1 watt.

*“10” channel prefix indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit

frequency of an international duplex channel. Used in U.S. waters only.

December 21, 2010 Adapted from

http://wireless.fcc.gov/services/index.htm?job=service_bandplan&id=ship_

stations

Shipboard repeaters: 457.525 457.550 457.575 457.600 MHz

Inputs are +10.225 MHz (foreign vessels may use +10.0 MHz offset –

not permitted in U.S. waters).

Maritime freqs. assignable to aircraft:

(HF) 2.738 2.830 3.023 4.125 5.680 MHz

(VHF) channels 6 8 9 16 1018 1022 67 68 72 & 88

See 47CFR80.379 for restrictions.

Maritime Distress Frequencies - Radiotelephone

(HF, USB - 2K80J3E) 2182, 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420 kHz

(VHF, FM wideband - 16K00F3E) 156.800 MHz (Channel 16)

--88

VHF Marine Channels & Frequencies

Source: http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=mtVhf

Channel

Number

*

Ship

Transmit

MHz

Ship

Receive

MHz

Use

1001

156.050

Port Operations and Commercial, VTS.

Available only in New Orleans/Lower

Mississippi area

1005

156.250

Port Operations or VTS in the Houston, New

Orleans and Seattle areas

6

156.300

Intership Safety

1007

156.350

Commercial

8

156.400

Commercial (Intership only)

9

156.450

Boater Calling. Commercial and Non-

Commercial

10

156.500

Commercial

11

156.550

Commercial. VTS in selected areas

12

156.600

Port Operations. VTS in selected areas

13

156.650

Intership Navigation Safety (Bridge-to-

bridge). Ships >20m length maintain a

listening watch on this channel in US

waters.

*“10” channel prefix indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit

frequency of an international duplex channel. Used in U.S. waters only.

--89

Channel

Number

*

Ship

Transmit

MHz

Ship

Receive

MHz

Use

14

156.700

Port Operations. VTS in selected areas.

15

--

156.750

Environmental (Receive only). Used by

Class C EPIRBs.

16

156.800

International Distress, Safety and Calling.

Ships required to carry radio, USCG, and

most coast stations maintain a listening

watch on this channel.

17

156.850

State & Local Government Maritime Control

1018

156.900

Commercial

1019

156.950

Commercial

20

157.000

161.600

Port Operations (duplex)

1020

157.000

Port Operations

1021

157.050

U.S. Coast Guard only

1022

157.100

Coast Guard Liaison and Maritime Safety

Information Broadcasts.

Broadcasts announced on channel 16.

1023

157.150

U.S. Coast Guard only

24

157.200

161.800

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

*“10” channel prefix indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit

frequency of an international duplex channel. Used in U.S. waters only.

--90

Channel

Number

*

Ship

Transmit

MHz

Ship

Receive

MHz

Use

25

157.250

161.850

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

26

157.300

161.900

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

27

157.350

161.950

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

28

157.400

162.000

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

1063

156.175

Port Operations and Commercial, VTS.

Available only in New Orleans/Lower

Mississippi area.

1065

156.275

Port Operations

1066

156.325

Port Operations

67

156.375

Commercial. Used for bridge-to-bridge

communications in lower Mississippi River.

Intership only.

68

156.425

Non-Commercial

69

156.475

Non-Commercial

70

156.525

Digital Selective Calling (voice

communications not allowed)

71

156.575

Non-Commercial

72

156.625

Non-Commercial (intership only)

*“10” channel prefix indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit

frequency of an international duplex channel. Used in U.S. waters only.

--91

Channel

Number

*

Ship

Transmit

MHz

Ship

Receive

MHz

Use

73

156.675

Port Operations

74

156.725

Port Operations

77

156.875

Port Operations (intership only)

1078

156.925

Non-Commercial

1079

156.975

Commercial. Non-Commercial in Great

Lakes only

1080

157.025

Commercial. Non-Commercial in Great

Lakes only

1081

157.075

U.S. Government only - Environmental

protection operations.

1082

157.125

U.S. Government only

1083

157.175

U.S. Coast Guard only

84

157.225

161.825

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

85

157.275

161.875

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

86

157.325

161.925

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

87

157.375

Public Correspondence (Marine Operator)

88

157.425

Commercial, intership only.

*“10” channel prefix indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit

frequency of an international duplex channel. Used in U.S. waters only.

--92

Channel

Number

*

Ship

Transmit

MHz

Ship

Receive

MHz

Use

AIS 1

161.975

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

AIS 2

162.025

Automatic Identification System (AIS)

*“10” channel prefix indicates simplex use of the ship station transmit

frequency of an international duplex channel. Used in U.S. waters only.

Shipboard repeaters:

457.525 457.550 457.575 457.600 MHz, wideband FM.

Inputs are +10.225 MHz

Foreign vessels may use +10.0 MHz offset outside U.S. waters.

On-board Communications:

Narrowband FM: 457.5375, 457.5625, 467.5375, 467.5625 MHz

Maritime freqs. assignable to aircraft:

(HF) 2.738 2.830 3.023 4.125 5.680 MHz

(VHF) channels 6 8 9 16 1018 1022 67 68 72 & 88

See 47CFR80.379 for restrictions.

Maritime Distress Frequencies - Radiotelephone:

(HF, USB - 2K80J3E) 2182, 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420 kHz

(VHF, FM wideband - 16K00F3E) 156.800 MHz (Channel 16)

--93

Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS)

151.820 MHz (11.25 kHz)

151.880 MHz (11.25 kHz)

151.940 MHz (11.25 kHz)

154.570 MHz (20.00 kHz) (shared with business band)

154.600 MHz (20.00 kHz) (shared with business band)

Maximum power output 2 watts.

Narrowband on 151 MHz frequencies.

Narrowband or wideband on the 154 MHz frequencies.

External gain antennas may be used (must be no more than 60 feet above

ground or 20 feet above the structure on which it is mounted).

Voice or data, except:

no store-and-forward packet operation

no continuous carrier operation

no interconnection with the public switched network

no use aboard aircraft in flight

Authorized emission types:

A1D, A2B, A2D, A3E, F2B, F1D, F2D, F3E, G3E.

Personal or business use.

Equipment must be certificated per FCC rules Part 95, Subpart J.

No license required.

--94

GMRS Frequencies

Authorized bandwidth: 25 kHz, 50 W power. Repeater outputs (inputs are +5

MHz): 462.550 462.575 462.600 462.625 462.650 462.675* 462.700 462.725

* nationwide traveler’s assistance; if CTCSS is required, try 141.3 Hz.

Simplex prohibited on repeater inputs.

Interstitial frequencies, 12.5 kHz. 467 MHz power: 0.5 W. 462 MHz power: 2 W

for FRS, 5 W for GMRS channels (simplex, not more than 5 watts):

462.5625 .5875 .6125 .6375 .6625 .6875 .7125 (shared with FRS)

North of Line A / East of Line C: 462.650, 467.650, 462.700, 467.700 may not

be used; small control stations limited to 5 watts.

FRS Frequencies

Authorized bandwidth: 12.5 kHz. Channels 1-14: Power limit: 0.5 watts ERP

462.5625 /5875 /6125 /6375 /6625 /6875 /7125 (shared with GMRS)

467.5625 /5875 /6125 /6375 /6625 /6875 /7125

CB Frequencies

Ch

MHz

Ch

MHz

Ch

MHz

Ch

MHz

Ch

MHz

1

26.965

2

26.975

3

26.985

4

27.005

5

27.015

6

27.025

7

27.035

8

27.055

9

27.065

10

27.075

11

27.085

12

27.105

13

27.115

14

27.125

15

27.135

16

27.155

17

27.165

18

27.175

19

27.185

20

27.205

21

27.215

22

27.225

23*

27.255

24

27.235

25

27.245

26

27.265

27

27.275

28

27.285

29

27.295

30

27.305

31

27.315

32

27.325

33

27.335

34

27.345

35

27.355

36

27.365

37

27.375

38

27.385

39

27.395

40

27.405

*

26.995

*

27.045

*

27.095

*

27.145

*

27.195

* Remote Control Channels

--95

Common Business Frequencies

IS=Special Industrial IB=Business

27.49 IB Itinerant

35.04 IB Itinerant

43.0400 IS Itinerant

151.5050 IS Itinerant

151.6250 IB RED DOT Itinerant

151.9550 IB PURPLE DOT

152.8700 IS Itinerant

154.5700 IB BLUE DOT (also MURS)

154.6000 IB GREEN DOT (also MURS)

158.4000 IS Itinerant

451.8000 IS Itinerant

456.8000 IS Itinerant

464.5000 IB BROWN DOT Itinerant 35w.

464.5500 IB YELLOW DOT Itinerant 35w.

467.7625 IB J DOT

467.8125 IB K DOT

467.8500 IB SILVER STAR

467.8750 IB GOLD STAR

467.9000 IB RED STAR

467.9250 IB BLUE STAR

469.5000 IB Simplex or input to 464.500 if

repeater. Itinerant 35 w. max

469.5500 IB Simplex or input to 464.550 if

repeater. Itinerant 35 w. max

--96

Railroad Frequencies

160.215(ch.007)-161.565(ch.097), every 15 kHz

*Interstitial narrowband channels between ch. 002-097 are offset 7.5 kHz.

161.205 Railroad Police Mutual Aid (channel 073)

Ch. 002-006 are used in Canada only:

(2) 159.810 (3) 159.930 (4) 160.050 (5) 160.185 (6) 160.200

452.325 / 457.325

452.375 / 457.375

452.425 / 457.425

452.475 / 457.475

452.775 / 457.775

452.825 / 457.825

452.875 / 452.875

452.900 / 457.900

452.8500

452.8375 - low power

452.8625 - low power

452.8875 - low power

(*Telemetry/Remote Control/Remote Indicator frequencies omitted)

--97

SAR (Search and Rescue) Frequencies

Land SAR

Typical frequencies are: 155.160, .175, .205, .220, .235, .265, .280, or .295

If CTCSS is required try 127.3 Hz (3A).

Air SAR

3023, 5680, 8364 kHz upper sideband (lifeboat/survival craft),

4125 kHz upper sideband (distress/safety with ships and coast stations)

121.5 MHz emergency and distress

122.9 MHz SAR secondary & training

123.1 MHz SAR primary

Water SAR

156.300 (VHF Marine ch. 06) Safety and SAR

156.450 (VHF Marine ch. 09) Non-commercial supplementary calling

156.800 (VHF Marine ch. 16) DISTRESS and calling

156.850 (VHF Marine ch. 17) State & Local Government Maritime Control

157.100 (VHF Marine ch. 1022) Coast Guard Liaison

VHF Marine Channels

6, 9, 15, 16, 1021, 1022 (USCG Liaison), 1023, 1081, 1083

USCG Auxiliary

138.475, 142.825, 143.475, 149.200, 150.700

USCG/DOD Joint SAR

345.0 MHz AM initial contact, 282.8 MHz AM working

Military SAR

40.50 wideband FM US Army/USN SAR

138.450 AM, 138.750 AM USAF SAR

--98

Maritime HF and VHF Distress Frequencies

Global Maritime Distress & Safety System, Digital Selective Calling (DSC) &

Radiotelephone Channels - for use only by vessels and coast stations

authorized in the Maritime Services (FCC Part 80, NTIA 7.5 and 8.2.29).

These are not nationwide interoperability channels, and are not for land-based

public safety agencies. These frequencies may be programmed only into radios

certificated for Part 80 operations, and only by a person holding a First or

Second Class Radiotelegraph Operator’s Certificate, Radiotelegraph Operator

License, or General Radiotelephone Operator License.

The simplex DSC frequencies except 2187.5 and 16804.5 kHz are monitored by

the US Coast Guard and are used for digital alerting and calling for distress,

urgency and safety. Once the DSC call has been sent, the corresponding

radiotelephone frequency is used for voice communications.

The simplex voice frequencies are used for distress and safety communications,

and except for 2182 and 16420 kHz are monitored by the USCG. Frequencies

are monitored according to propagation; not all frequencies are monitored at all

times. These radiotelephone channels use upper sideband (USB - 2K80J3E);

the frequency shown is the suppressed carrier reference frequency. VHF

channel 16 uses wideband FM (16K0F3E or 16K0G3E).

DSC

Voice

* 2187.5 kHz

* 2182 kHz

4207.5 kHz

4125 kHz

6312.0 kHz

6215 kHz

8414.5 kHz

8291 kHz

12577.0 kHz

12290 kHz

* 16804.5 kHz

* 16420 kHz

156.525 MHz (Channel 70)

156.800 MHz (channel 16)

* International distress channel that is not monitored by USCG

--99

HF Disaster Communications

Fixed, Base, Mobile

Fixed

2326

I

5135

A

2411

5140

A, I

2414

5192

I

2419

5195

I

2422

7477

A

2439

7480

A

2463

7802

D

2466

7805

I

2471

7932

2474

7935

C, D

2487

2511

2535

2569

2587

2801

2804

A

2812

• Carrier frequencies in kHz. A=Alternate channel I=Interstate coordination

C=Conterminous US D=Daytime Operations Only

• May be licensed only to the central governments of the 50 states and 6 US

territories. See FCC rules 90.264, 90.20(d)(6), and 90.129(m).

• Emissions: Only 2K80J3E (USB), 100HA1A and those emission types listed in

§90.237(g) are permitted.

--100

HF Long Distance Communications

Fixed, Base, Mobile

Fixed (including itinerant)

2289

5046.6

E

7480.1

2292

5052.6

E

7483.1

2395

5055.6

E

7486.1

E

2398

5061.6

W

7549.1

D

3170

5067.6

7552.1

4538.6

N

5074.6

E

7555.1

W

4548.6

N

5099.1

7558.1

W

4575

5102.1

7559.1

W

4610.5

5313.6

7562.1

W

4613.5

7697.1

4634.5

6800.1

N

4637.5

6803.1

4647

6806.1

W

6855.1

N,M

6858.1

N

6861.1

W

6885.1

N

6888.1

N

• Carrier frequencies in kHz.

• D = Daytime Operations Only, N = Night Operations Only, E = East of 108°

West Longitude (WL), M = West of the Mississippi River, W = West of 90° WL.

• May be licensed for repair of telecommunications circuits, power &

pipeline distribution etc. See FCC rules 90.266, 90.35(c)(1), and 90.129(o).

• Emissions: Only 2K80J3E (USB), 100HA1A, 100HA1B, and those emission

types listed in §90.237(g) are permitted.

--101

Standard Time and Frequency Broadcasts

Radio station WWV (Fort Collins, Colorado), WWVH (Kauai, Hawaii), and CHU

(Ontario, Canada) broadcast continuous time signals on precise frequencies.

Because the broadcasts occur simultaneously on several HF frequencies at high

power, at least one of the signals should be receivable at all times throughout

the US and Canada. This can be useful for testing HF receivers and antennas,

and for selecting frequencies based on currently observable propagation.

Frequencies (MHz)

WWV

WWVH

CHU

2.500

3.330

5.000

7.850

10.000

14.670

15.000

20.000

25.000

Double Sideband AM

Full Carrier USB

Male Voice

Female Voice

English and French

Standard Time by Telephone

1-303-499-7111 - WWV (Colorado)1-808-335-4363 - WWVH (Hawaii)

1-202-762-1401 , 1-202-762-1069 (DSN 762-1401, 762-1069) - Washington, DC

1-719-567-6742 (DSN 560-6742) - Colorado Springs, CO

The Washington DC and Colorado Springs CO lines alternate between local

(EST/EDT or MST/MDT) and UTC (Z) time.

--102

Amateur Radio Emergency Frequencies

These frequencies (except 5167.5 kHz) are not available for licensing

to Public Safety agencies. An Amateur Radio Operator License of the

appropriate class is required in order to transmit on these frequencies.

Emergency Center of Activity Frequencies - emergency communications

networks in North/Central/South America and the Caribbean are

encouraged to establish their operations within 20 kHz +/- of these

frequencies (kHz):

3750 or 3985 LSB 7060, 7240, or 7290 LSB

14300 USB 18160 USB 21360 USB

US Government stations and RACES stations may exchange emergency

communications on any Amateur frequency. DHS (including FEMA) and

USCG stations, among others, have frequency authorizations aligned with

the five Amateur Service secondary channels at 5 MHz:

Carrier Frequency (kHz)

Center Frequency (kHz)

5330.5

5332.0

5346.5

5348.0

5357.0

5358.5

5371.5

5373.0

5403.5

5405.0

Alaska Emergency Frequency - 5167.5 kHz USB carrier frequency,

5168.9 kHz assigned (center) frequency – may be used in or within 50

nautical miles of Alaska for emergency communications, including

exercises. Interoperability with Part 90 Private Land Mobile Radio Service

stations is authorized.

--103

Amateur Radio Emergency Frequencies (continued)

Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) http://HFLink.net

Emergency/Disaster Relief Interoperation Voice Channels (kHz, USB*):

Netcall: HFL

1996.0

14346.0

3996.0

18117.5

5371.5

21432.5

7296.0

28312.5

Text Message Channels (kHz, USB*):

Netcall: HFN

1843.0

14109.0

3596.0

18106.0

5357.0

21096.0

7102.0

28146.0

10145.5

* Carrier reference frequency (center of ALE signal is offset +1625 Hz)

Maritime Mobile Service Net (and others): 14300 kHz USB

http://mmsn.org

Hurricane Watch Net: 14325 kHz USB http://www.hwn.org

National Hurricane Center, during hurricanes (kHz):

14325 USB - primary

7268 LSB - alternate

3815 LSB - Caribbean

3950 LSB - North Florida

3940 LSB - South Florida

http://w4ehw.fiu.edu IRLP Node: 9219, EchoLink Conference: Wx-Talk

--104

Amateur Radio Calling Frequencies

Band

Frequency (MHz)

Mode

80 Meters

3.885

AM

40 Meters

7.29

AM

20 Meters

14.286

AM

6 Meters

50.125

SSB

6 Meters

52.525

FM Simplex

6 Meters

52.54

FM Simplex

6 Meters

50.62

Digital (packet)

2 Meters

144.2

SSB

2 Meters

146.52

FM Simplex

1.25 Meters

222.1

CW/SSB

70 Centimeters

432.1

CW/SSB

70 Centimeters

446

FM Simplex

33 Centimeters

902.1

CW/SSB

33 Centimeters

903.1

CW/SSB

33 Centimeters

927.5

FM Simplex

23 Centimeters

1294.5

FM simplex

23 Centimeters

1296.1

CW/SSB

These are not Public Safety frequencies – an Amateur Radio

Operator license is required to use them.

Amateur Radio Repeater Coordinators

http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Coordinators/Participating%20Coordinators.pdf

--105

Amateur Radio Bands (US)

Amateurs wishing to operate on either 2,200 or 630 meters must first

register with the Utilities Technology Council online at

https://utc.org/plc-database-amateur-notification-process/

You need only register once for each band.

--106

Amateur Radio Bands (US) – continued

General, Advanced, and Amateur Extra licensees may operate on

these five channels on a secondary basis with a maximum effective

radiated power (ERP) of 100 W PEP relative to a half-wave dipole.

Permitted operating modes include upper sideband voice (USB),

CW, RTTY, PSK31 and other digital modes such as PACTOR III.

Only one signal at a time is permitted on any channel.

--107

Amateur Radio Bands (US) – continued

See Sections 97.305(c), 97.307(f)(11) and 97.301(e). These exemptions

do not apply to stations in the continental US.

--108

Amateur Radio Bands (US) – continued

--109

Amateur Radio Bands (US) – continued

--110

Amateur Radio Bands (US) – continued

Automatically Controlled Digital Stations.

A station may be automatically controlled while transmitting a RTTY or

data emission on the 6 m or shorter wavelength bands, and on the

28.120-28.189 MHz, 24.925-24.930 MHz, 21.090-21.100 MHz,

18.105-18.110 MHz, 14.0950-14.0995 MHz, 14.1005-14.112 MHz,

10.140-10.150 MHz, 7.100-7.105 MHz, or 3.585-3.600 MHz segments

provided that:

(1)

T

he station is responding to interrogation by a station under local o

r

emote control; a

nd

(

2)

No tr

ansmission from the automatically controlled station occupi

es a

ba

ndwidth of more than 500

Hz.

T

his rule section does not apply to an auxiliary station, a beacon station,

a repeater station, an earth station, a space station, or a space

telecommand station.

(FCC rule 97.221)

Automatically controlled digital stations may operate on all authorized

frequencies above 50.1 MHz when the control operator is present at the

control point, in which case the 500 Hz bandwidth limitation does not

apply.

--111

Amateur Radio Bands (US) – continued

All licensees except Novice are authorized all modes

on the following frequencies:

2300-2310 MHz

47.0-47.2 GHz

2390-2450 MHz

76.0-81.0 GHz

3300-3500 MHz

122.25-123.0 GHz

5650-5925 MHz

134-141 GHz

10.0-10.5 GHz

241-250 GHz

24.0-24.25 GHz

All above 275 GHz

Amateur Radio Power Limits (US)

FCC Rule 97.313

(a)

A

n amateur station must use the minimum transmitter po

wer

ne

cessary to carry out the desired communications.

(b)

No st

ation may transmit with a transmitter power exceeding 1.

5 kW

P

EP

.

[60

meters: 100W PEP ERP; 30 meters: 200W PEP; additional

restrictions apply under certain conditions, and to Novice and

Technician licensees.]

--112

NOTES

--113

NOTES

--114

NOTES

--115

NOTES

--116

NOTES

--117

NOTES

--118

EMERGENCY MEDICAL PROCEDURES

ICS 206 – Block 8 – “Dutch Creek Protocol”

In the event of a medical emergency, provide the following information

to the Communications Unit.

1. Declare the nature of the emergency.

a. Medical injury/illness?

b. If injury/illness, is it Life Threatening?

2. If Life Threatening, then request that the designated frequency be

cleared for emergency traffic.

3. Identify the on-scene Point of Contact (POC) by Resource and Last

name (i.e. POC is TFLD Smith).

4. Identify nature of incident, number injured, patient assessment(s)

and location (geographic and GPS coordinates).

5. Identify on-scene medical personnel by position and name

(i.e. EMT Jones).

6. Identify preferred method of patient transport.

7. Request any additional resources and/or equipment needed.

8. Document all information received and transmitted on the radio or

phone.

9. Identify any changes in the on-scene Point of Contact or medical

personnel as they occur.

To download or request copies of the NIFOG, please visit

https://www.dhs.gov/publication/fog-documents

1

2

3

4

3

2

1

7

6

5

8

9

10

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800

Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001

ISBN 978-1-4028-9462-6