United States
Consumer Product Safety Commission
This publicaon was developed by the CPSC’s Small Business Ombudsman and does not
necessarily reect the views of the Commission.
Resellers Guide to
Selling Safer Products
Page 2 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Table of Contents
Introducon ..................................................................................................................................4
The Basics .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Steps for Success ................................................................................................................................... 6
Product Guides ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Children’s Products ........................................................................................................................ 8
Small Parts ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Lead in Children’s Products ................................................................................................................. 11
Phthalates in Children’s Toys and Child Care Arcles ......................................................................... 13
Durable Infant or Toddler Products ..................................................................................................... 14
Children’s Daywear and Sleepwear ..................................................................................................... 26
Toys ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Toys with Magnets ........................................................................................................................... 29
Toy Chests ........................................................................................................................................ 30
Appliances ........................................................................................................................................... 32
General Use Products ..................................................................................................................32
Electrical Products ............................................................................................................................... 33
Hair Dryers ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Hand-Supported Hair Dryers ........................................................................................................... 36
Seasonal and Decorave Lighng Products .................................................................................... 37
Extension Cords ............................................................................................................................... 38
Furniture .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Bean Bag Chairs ............................................................................................................................... 42
Bunk Beds ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Clothing Storage Units ..................................................................................................................... 45
Maresses ........................................................................................................................................ 46
Storage Chests ................................................................................................................................. 47
Bicycle Helmets ................................................................................................................................ 48
Sports, Recreaonal, and Outdoor Equipment ................................................................................... 48
Personal E-Mobility Devices (Hoverboards) .................................................................................... 50
ATVs .................................................................................................................................................. 51
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 3
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is charged with protecng the public from
unreasonable risks of injury or death from thousands of types of consumer products under the
agency’s jurisdicon. The CPSC is commied to protecng consumers and families from products that
pose a re, electrical, chemical, or mechanical hazard, or that can injure children. The CPSC’s work
to ensure the safety of consumer products—such as toys, cribs, power tools, cigaree lighters, and
household chemicals—has contributed signicantly to the decline in the rate of deaths and injuries
associated with consumer products since 1972.
THANK YOU
Thank you for working with the CPSC to ensure that the children’s products and other consumer
products you sell are safe and comply with all applicable product safety requirements.
This publicaon was developed by the CPSC’s Small Business Ombudsman.
Suggesons, feedback, and addional quesons are welcomed at: sbo@cpsc.gov.
Year of Publicaon: 2021
Version 1.0
Table of Contents
ROVs ................................................................................................................................................. 51
Mulpurpose O-Highway Ulity Vehicles (MOHUVs) / Ulity Vehicles ........................................ 51
Golf Cars ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Go Karts/Fun Karts ........................................................................................................................... 52
Ride-on Lawn Mowers ..................................................................................................................... 52
Walk-Behind Lawn Mowers ............................................................................................................. 52
Upcycled/Refurbished Goods ......................................................................................................53
TVs and Furniture ................................................................................................................................ 56
Creang Safe Retail Spaces ..........................................................................................................57
Storing Materials ................................................................................................................................. 58
Emergency Plan ................................................................................................................................... 59
Appendix A- Glossary ..................................................................................................................60
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products ............................................65
Page 4 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission’s (CPSC’s) laws and regulaons apply to any person
who sells, oers for sale, manufactures, distributes, or imports consumer products in the United
States. This includes thri stores, consignment stores, charies, and individuals holding yard sales and
ea markets. CPSC created this guide specically for resale stores and product resellers to help you
comply with the law and keep unsafe products out of the hands of consumers. Consumers who buy
used products may also nd this informaon helpful in avoiding products that could harm them or
their families.
Resellers should examine products closely, prior to resale, to make sure their products are safe and
comply with federal laws. This guide will help you make sound business decisions to protect yourself
and your customers from potenally hazardous products.
The Basics
• It is illegal to sell any recalled product. If you are in the business of reselling products, you
are expected to know the laws, rules, and regulaons that apply to your business, including
whether a product you are selling has been recalled for a safety issue. It is unlawful to oer
recalled products for sale under Secon 19 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. §
2068), so having the recalled product in inventory is a violaon of federal law.
• CPSC does not require resellers to test their products for safety. However, CPSC urges you to
take a few extra steps when selecng used products for resale and to follow the advice in this
guide to ensure that you are only selling safe products. Although you are not required to test
your products for safety, resale stores, resellers (including those who sell on aucon websites),
and persons who give away used products for free cannot sell or donate products that do not
meet the requirements of the law.
• If a product is hazardous, does not comply with standards, or has been recalled, the product
should be destroyed and not sold or given away to others. Ignorance of the law is not an
excuse. More importantly, however, as a person and as a business, you do not want to place
products that have the potenal to cause harm in the hands of anyone, especially a child.
• When in doubt, throw it out! Some products used in the baby’s nursery, especially cribs and
bassinets, have caused deaths and have been the subject of numerous recalls of millions of
units. Before you sell a nursery product:
o Check the CPSC website to see if it has been recalled.
o Do not sell any nursery furniture or durable infant and toddler products, such as play
yards, infant walkers, bath seats, bed rails for toddlers that are broken, wobbly, unstable, or
missing parts, even if they have not been recalled (See p. 11 for the denion of “durable
infant or toddler product.”)
o Do not try to repair broken products with other screws or hardware.
The risk is too high. A baby’s life could depend on it.
IntroduconIntroducon
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 5
Examples: What you cannot sell or oer for sale:
• Children’s metal jewelry that does not comply with the federal limit on lead of 100 parts per
million;
• Products that have been recalled by the CPSC (unless the products have been repaired in
accordance with the recall);
• Most cribs manufactured before June 2011;
• Durable infant or toddler products, such as play yards, infant walkers, bath seats, bed rails for
toddlers, and other such products that are missing parts, appear wobbly or unstable, or contain
known hazards described in this Guide (see p. 11 for the denion of “durable infant or toddler
product”); and
• Other products that violate the CPSC’s safety standards, bans, rules, or regulaons.
Introducon
Page 6 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Steps for Success
The CPSC has many tools available to help you stay informed about recalls and product safety. On
average, CPSC recalls from 300 to 500 products annually.
Here are some steps you can take to idenfy unsafe products:
1. Follow CPSC:
• Subscribe to CPSC e-mail alerts here: www.cpsc.gov/Newsroom/Subscribe/. Alerts are
updated at the end of each business day.
• Follow CPSC on social media @USCPSC on Facebook, Instagram, and Twier. CPSC posts
most recalls on social media at the same me as we post recalls on our websites (CPSC.gov
and SaferProducts.gov).
• Visit the CPSC YouTube page at: www.youtube.com/uscpsc.
2. Search Recalls Online: Check www.cpsc.gov/recalls and www.SaferProducts.gov frequently.
These pages have lisngs of CPSC recalls and consumer reports of harm related to consumer
products. Review the list of recalled products before taking a product into inventory or selling it.
3. Download CPSC’s free mobile applicaon. More informaon on the recall app is below:
• What Is the CPSC Recall App?
o The CPSC Recall App enables consumers, retailers, and resellers to stay up-to-date on the
latest product recalls from their mobile device.
• How Do I Download the CPSC Recall App?
o To download the app, go to: www.cpsc.gov/data in your mobile device’s web browser.
o Scroll down to “CPSC Recall App,” then follow the link to “Download.” A pop-up should
appear.
o Follow your mobile device’s instrucons to add the CPSC Recall App to your home screen,
then press “done.”
• How Do I Use the CPSC Recall App?
o The home page of the app displays the 15 most recent recalls in order of date. Scroll or
swipe right to connue viewing the latest recalls.
o To perform a search, start by selecng the “search” icon in the boom le of the screen.
Any type of informaon can be entered into the “Search For” eld, such as a
product type, manufacturer/retailer/importer name, a product name, a recall tle,
or a descripon. You can also search in the other elds by product name, model,
or recall date range.
Press the “Apply” buon to apply your search parameters.
Introducon
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 7
o To view the results, dismiss the search drawer by clicking anywhere outside of the
drawer, or by swiping the drawer to the le.
Once your results are displayed, you can lter them by company name and
product type by going back to the search bar.
o To view the details of a parcular recall, press the down arrow. This will reveal more
informaon, including a descripon, manufacturer, recall number, remedies, and
consumer contact informaon.
o Resellers are required by law to know the recall status of the products they sell. It is
illegal to sell any recalled product.
Report a Dangerous Product: The CPSC’s goal is to help you avoid future violaons and protect
your customers—not put you out of business. If you learn that one of the products you have
in inventory violates the law or presents a hazard, immediately inform the Commission. For
more informaon on your reporng obligaons, visit: www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/
Recall-Guidance/Duty-to-Report-to-the-CPSC-Your-Rights-and-Responsibilies.
You can report a potenally defecve or hazardous product at: www.SaferProducts.gov, or by
phone at: (800) 638-2772.
5. Check out our Regulatory Robot Tool: www.business.cpsc.gov/robot. Our Regulatory Robot
will assist you in idenfying important product safety requirements for dierent product areas.
The Robot will guide you through a series of quesons about your product and takes less than 5
minutes to complete. You can use the Robot as a screening tool for products in your inventory.
6. Contact: For quesons about regulatory requirements, contact CPSC’s Small Business
Ombudsman: E-mail: [email protected]; telephone: (301) 504-7945; or visit: www.cpsc.gov/
smallbiz for addional informaon and guidance for small businesses.
Product Guides
The following guides provide illustraons of safety concerns when reselling products. Even if a product
is not listed here, you should take similar care in reviewing each product and considering the potenal
hazards described in these guides.
Introducon
Page 8 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Due to their size and mental and physical development, children are among the most vulnerable
consumers. For that reason, children’s products have strict product safety requirements. A “children’s
product” is dened as a consumer product that is designed or intended primarily for children 12 years
of age or younger. In determining whether a consumer product is primarily intended for a child 12
years of age or younger, the following factors will be considered:
• A statement by the manufacturer about the intended use of the product.
• Whether the product is represented in its packaging, display, promoon, or adversing as
appropriate for children 12 years of age or younger.
• Whether the product is commonly recognized by consumers as being intended for use by a child
12 years of age or younger.
• The Age Determinaon Guidelines issued by the Commission sta in January 2020.
As a reseller, you are not required to test your products. However, it is important to familiarize
yourself with these requirements so that you can spot unsafe products that may harm children.
What safety requirements currently exist for children’s products?
Children’s products sold in the United States require compliance with the following requirements:
• Small Parts Ban: Products for children under 3 years of age must meet small parts
requirements. (Note that there are certain excepons to this requirement at 16 CFR § 1501.3.)
Learn more at: www.cpsc.gov/smallparts.
• Small Parts Labeling: Products for children ages 3 to 6 that contain small parts as received must
be labeled. The specic labeling requirements for products containing small parts and intended
for children between the ages of 3 and 6 years of age can be found at: 16 CFR § 1500.19, 16
CFR § 1500.20, and 16 CFR § 1500.121.
• Lead Content Limit: Children’s products must not contain greater than 100 ppm (0.01 percent)
of total lead content in any accessible component part. Learn more at: www.cpsc.gov/lead.
• Lead in Paint or Surface Coangs Limit: Children’s products must not be painted with paint or
other surface coangs that contain more than 90 ppm (0.009 percent) of lead. Learn more at:
www.cpsc.gov/leadinpaint.
• Phthalate Content Limits: Children’s toys and child care arcles that contain plascized parts
must not contain more than 0.1 percent of the phthalates specied in 16 CFR part 1307. A “toy”
is dened as any object designed, manufactured, or marketed as a plaything for children under
14 years of age (ASTM F963). A “child care arcle” is dened as a consumer product that is
designed, marketed, or intended to facilitate sleep, feeding, sucking, or teething for a child age
3 and younger. Learn more at: www.cpsc.gov/phthalates.
• Tracking Label: Children’s products must contain certain tracking informaon on the product
and its packaging. Children’s products that do not have a tracking label also may not comply
with other CPSC requirements. CPSC recommends that you do not resell children’s products
that do not have a tracking label permanently axed to the product. See: www.cpsc.gov/
trackinglabel for more informaon.
Children’s ProductsChildren’s Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 9
HAZARDS: Choking, inhaling, swallowing, death.
• Children under 3 years old can choke, inhale, or swallow small parts that they put in their
mouth. Products intended for children under 3 years old are banned if they have small parts, or
if one of the components can be detached or broken during normal use.
A small part can be any object or a part of an object that ts completely into a specially designed test
cylinder under its own weight. The picture at the le shows the cylinder with a small toy inside. Small
part cylinders are widely available for purchase.
From 2014 to 2018, the CPSC received reports of 12 children under 3 years of age who died from
choking, inhaling, or swallowing balloons (3 deaths), small balls (4 deaths), and games or parts of toys
(5 deaths).
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for recalls involving small parts. It is illegal to oer for sale,
sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 Follow the guidance below for small parts hazards in children’s products:
Small Parts
This is an example of a
failed sample.
Page 10 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Product Products labeled or
intended for children
0–3 years
Products labeled or intended for children 3-6
years
Balls with a diameter of
1.75 inches or less
Destroy The label must contain a small parts cauonary
statement and safety alert symbol
on the
packaging.
Dolls and stued toys
that have eyes, noses, or
other small parts that are
not fastened securely
Destroy Destroy
Preschool toys, games,
and puzzles with small
parts
Destroy The label must contain a small parts cauonary
statement and safety alert symbol
on the
packaging.
Nursery products, such
as baby bouncers and
exercisers with small
parts
Destroy Destroy
Balloons intended for
children under 8 years
old
Do not label or
adverse balloons for
children under age 3.
Balloons must include this warning label:
Products with marbles,
small balls, and
containing other small
parts
Destroy The label must contain a small parts cauonary
statement and safety alert symbol
on the
packaging.
Excepons to the small parts regulaon, 16 CFR part 1501, include: books, modeling clay, crayons,
paint sets, paper products, pencils, and pens. In addion, children’s clothing and children’s clothing
accessories are exempt from the small parts regulaon; but be sure that all small buons and other
parts are fastened securely.
Small Parts
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 11
HAZARDS: Brain damage, physical and mental delays and disorders.
Children’s products (consumer products designed and intended primarily for children 12 years of age
or younger) can only be sold if they meet the following lead limits:
• No more than 90 parts per million (ppm) lead in paint or other surface coang for toys, other
arcles intended for use by children of any age, and on all moveable painted furniture.
• No more than 100 ppm lead content limit in any accessible component part, unless otherwise
excluded (see next page).
Lead poisoning can cause irreversible brain damage, delay mental and physical growth, and cause
behavior, aenon, and learning problems. Children are parcularly at risk because their developing
bodies can absorb up to 50 percent of the lead to which they are exposed. This exposure occurs
because children oen put their hands and other objects that may contain lead dust, in their mouth.
In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control esmated that about 450,000 children have lead levels
higher than the CDC’s recommendaon limit.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY: Although you are not required to test your products for compliance
with the lead limits, CPSC sta encourages you to use these strategies to protect your
customers:
9 Resellers cannot knowingly sell any children’s product or painted furniture that does not
comply with the lead limits.
9 Check for recalls, and if the product has been recalled, follow the recall instrucons, or
destroy the product. If you have reasons to suspect there is excessive lead, based on your
knowledge of the product, destroy it.
9 Contact the manufacturer for vericaon that the product meets the lead limits. Ask for a
Children’s Product Cercate (CPC).
9 Lead screening can also be done with an x-ray uorescence (XRF) machine. Lead tesng kits
sold commercially are generally unreliable and should not be used.
9 Children’s metal jewelry must be tested for compliance.
Lead in Children’s Products
Page 12 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Products that may have lead Resellers Guidance
Children’s metal jewelry. Test, contact the manufacturer, or
do not sell.
Children’s clothes with rhinestones, metal or vinyl/plasc
snaps, zippers, grommets, closures, or appliqués.
Test, contact the manufacturer, or
do not sell.
Children’s jewelry and other items made enrely of:
• Surgical steel;
• Precious metals, such as gold (at least 10 karat), sterling
silver (at least 925/1,000);
• Precious and semi-precious gemstones (excluding a list of
stones that are associated in nature with lead); or
• Natural or cultured pearls.
OK to sell.
Children’s clothes, blankets, and other items made enrely of:
• Dyed or undyed texles (e.g., coon, wool, hemp, nylon),
• Dyed or undyed yarn.
• Nonmetallic thread, trim, hook-and-loop (Velcro), and
elasc.
OK to sell, but see below for
drawstring and ammability issues.
Children’s books printed aer 1985, which are printed
convenonally and intended to be read (as opposed to used
for play).
OK to sell; however, some books
with metal spiral bindings have
been recalled for lead paint.
Vintage children’s books and other collecbles not considered
primarily intended for children.
OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Certain educaonal materials, such as chemistry sets. OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Items made enrely of wood (without paint, surface coangs,
or hardware).
OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Mirrors that are part of furniture arcles, to the extent that
they bear lead-containing backing paint.
OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Arsts’ paints and related materials. OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Metal furniture bearing factory-applied (lead) coangs, such as
powder coangs.
OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Bicycles and other related products (such as trailer bicycles
and jogger strollers).
OK to sell, but check for recalls.
Lead in Children’s Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 13
HAZARDS: Development eects.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY: You can use several strategies to comply with the prohibions on
specied phthalates in certain amounts:
9 Resellers are not required to test suspected products. However, resellers cannot knowingly
sell any children’s toy or child care arcle that does not comply with the prohibion on
specied phthalates in certain amounts in toys and child care arcles.
9 Check for recalls. If the product has been recalled, follow the recall instrucons, or destroy
it. If you have other reasons to suspect the product contains specied phthalates in
prohibited amounts, destroy it.
9 Your safest course is not to sell or accept certain products, unless you know they don’t
contain specied phthalates in prohibited amounts. CPSC’s enforcement eorts will be
focused on the products most likely to pose a risk of phthalate exposure to children, such
as bath toys and other small, plasc toys, especially those made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
that are intended for young children and can be put in the mouth.
Phthalates in Children’s Toys and Child Care Arcles
Page 14 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
A durable infant or toddler product is a durable product intended for use, or that may be reasonably
expected to be used, by children under the age of 5, and falls into one of the product categories in
the table below.
All durable infant or toddler products, regardless of type, must currently meet certain children’s
product safety requirements, including:
• restricons on total lead content
• restricons on lead in paint or surface coangs
• restricons on phthalate content (in certain circumstances)
• mandatory tesng by a CPSC-accepted laboratory
• cercaon in a Children’s Product Cercate (CPC)
• registraon cards (note: resellers are not required to meet registraon card requirements)
• tracking labels and other markings, such as warning labels and product instrucons.
In addion, durable products for which the Commission has issued nal regulaons must comply
with other safety requirements, which oen involve physical and mechanical tesng for potenal
hazardous condions.
Domesc manufacturers and importers of durable infant or toddler products are responsible for
tesng, cerfying, labeling, and meeng the registraon card requirements for all of these products.
Resellers are not required to test products or meet registraon card requirements; however,
resellers should seek reasonable assurance that the products comply with the respecve durable
infant or toddler product safety standards by checking each product for the informaon listed
below.
Basics for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Before accepng any durable infant or toddler product for resale, check for the following:
9Check for recalls at: www.cpsc.gov/recalls. It is illegal to sell, oer to sell, or distribute a
recalled product.
9Check that the manufacturer name and contact informaon, model name and number, and the
date of manufacture are permanently axed to the product.
9Check for required presence, content, legibility, and visibility of warning labels. See Appendix B
for more detail.
9Many of these products include assembly instrucons, which most manufacturers have
available online. CPSC recommends prinng these instrucons (specic to each model) to
include with the product, if they are missing.
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 15
Product-Specic Criteria
Bassinets and Cradles Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Inadequate structural integrity, including unstable bassinets
or cradles, loose hardware, collapse of the product, or loose
wheels
9Locking or lng issues with the bassinets or cradles
9Problems with maress atness, such as maresses that will
not remain horizontal because of metal rods or other structures
designed to be posioned underneath the maress, lack of
rigid maress support, and failure of straps or hooks designed
to hold bassinets inside play yards
9Problems with baery-powered bassinet mobiles with
components that overheated, smoked, or sparked
9Bassinets with restraint systems that requires the caregiver to
secure the restraint
Bedside Sleepers Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Products that have been assembled incorrectly
9Products that do not have correct mechanisms to aach to an
adult bed
9Products that are not level, stable, or have missing component
parts or have component parts that are not in working order
Booster Seats Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Aachment mechanism buckles, clasps, or straps breaking,
tearing, fraying, detaching, or releasing
9Restraint-system buckles breaking, jamming, releasing too
easily, or separang from straps
9Straps tearing or fraying, pinching, or coming undone
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 16 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Carriages and Strollers Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Broken wheel rims or burst res
9Wheels that fall o easily
9Inecient parking breaks
9Malfunconing lock mechanisms (for collapsible products)
9Broken or detached restraints
9Structural integrity-related issues, such as failure or malfuncon
of various structural components (e.g., frame, aachment
points for the seat, footrest, and sunshades)
9Broken, detached, or malfunconing trays
Changing Products
(such as changing tables,
pads, and accessories)
Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Products that collapse or are unstable
9Restraint systems with loose, broken, or detached straps, or
cracked or faulty buckles
9Contoured changing pads that do not have warning labels
regarding suocaon hazard and never allowing a baby to sleep
on the product
Children’s Folding Chairs
and Stools
Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Pinching or shearing hazards
9Unexpected folding or unfolding of the chair (generally
described as “collapse”)
9Broken locking mechanisms
9Missing warning labels
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 17
Cribs
(Full-Size/Non Full-Size)
9Destroy any full-size or non-full-size crib (with or without
drop sides) manufactured before June 28, 2011, unless you
have wrien proof that the crib meets ASTM F1169-19 (full-size
cribs) or ASTM F406-17, with modicaons (non-full-size cribs)
9NOTE: Absolutely no drop-side cribs in the used marketplace—
even if immobilized with new hardware—can meet the
standard and, therefore, must be destroyed)
9Each full-size and non-full-size crib must have a date stamp
marked permanently on the product
9For cribs manufactured aer June 28, 2011, assemble and
make sure that the cribs have all component parts, including all
screws and hardware
9Products such as play yards, cradles, baby baskets, and
bassinets with mesh/net/screen siding are not subject to
the requirements for cribs, but they are subject to other
regulaons. See addional CPSC resellers’ guidance on these
products in this guide
Gates and Enclosures Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Lock/latch is broken, not latching correctly, opening too easily,
or geng stuck
9Broken hinge, mounng, or other hardware
9Slats that break or detach from the safety gate or enclosure
9Poor quality materials and nish: small parts liberang,
splintered welding, sharp edges and protrusions, rails bending
out of shape, fabric/mesh panels sagging, or poor quality of
stching on fabric panels
9An opening size between slats or enclosure panels that could
allow a child to get their limbs or head entrapped
9A pinch-point is created during the opening and closing acon
of the door on the gate or enclosure
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 18 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Frame Child Carriers Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Failure of aachment components
9Poor quality stching on straps
9Very large leg openings
9Detachment of the cloth component from the frame
9Loose screws or breakage of the frame
9Stability issues when placed on a level surface
Hand-Held Infant Carriers
(Including Car Seat/Carrier
Combinaon)
9Do not sell carriers with handles that do not lock or latch, or
have issues with the restraint system
9Contact the manufacturer if you have a CPSC or Naonal
Highway Trac Safety Administraon (NHTSA) recalled car
seat/carrier; it may be able to be repaired to make it safe.
Otherwise, destroy it.
9Check with NHTSA to see if the expiraon date on the infant
carrier has passed
9Verify that there are two warning labels, one on the right and
one on the le side of where a child’s head would be. Handheld
carriers without the second warning regarding restraint use, do
not meet the standard
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 19
High Chairs Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Unstable products that may be suscepble to pping
9Broken frames, legs, seat supports, and loose screws
9Torn, cracked, or peeling seat pads and seat-reclining issues
9Broken buckles and prongs, jamming, easy release, torn or
fraying straps, pinching, and ineecve restraints
9Armrests that are cracking or breaking
9Trays failing to lock or remain locked, trays releasing too easily,
diculty releasing trays, and pinching
9Cracked or broken toy accessories
9Broken or loose wheels or wheels not locking
9Cracked or broken footrests
9Finish that is coming o, poor construcon quality, or loose
hardware
Infant Bath Seats CPSC sta advises you to destroy bath seats that:
9Were made prior to December 6, 2010, before the safety
standard went into eect. (See date code stamp on the boom
of the product, or contact the manufacturer.)
9Aach directly to the tub oor with sucon cups. (Sucon
cups may have contributed to some bath seat-related deaths
because they failed to adhere to the tub surface, they
separated from the bath seat, or they were missing).
9Are broken or damaged
9Do not have permanent warnings visible on the product.
Warning labels are required by law to be xed to the bath seat
to alert parents and caregivers that bath seats are not safety
devices and that infants should never be le unaended in a
bath seat.
9“Ring” seats like the one pictured to the right
are noncompliant and should be destroyed:
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 20 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Infant Bath Tubs Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Broken hammocks, slings, or locking mechanisms
9Entrapment hazards in the hinges, holes, and the foot area
inside a tub
9Mold
9An unstable tub, missing pieces, baeries leaking or
overheang, rust, and scalding
Infant Bouncer Seats Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Sharp plasc rods, un-cushioned side metal bars, overhead
aachments not clipping properly, sharp pieces of fabric, lack of
padding in the foong area, bouncer frames that easily entrap
arms/legs/ngers, easily movable feet cushion aps, sharp
plasc grooves from a musical component, broken seat belts, or
lopsided or low-riding bouncer frames
9Bouncer seats collapsing when picked up, collapsing during use,
or releasing fabric from the frame
9Other structural issues involving broken sides, recline
adjustment pieces, wire bases, front tube retainers, and rubber
feet. These issues suggest inadequate structural integrity.
9Toy bars that fail to snap into place, toy bars and/or toys broken
or hanging o the bar, toys on the bar able to swing back far
enough to hit a child, toy bars that contain toys that could
scratch or pinch ngers or toes, or entangle a child’s hands or
feet
9Inadequate stability
9Leaking, cracking, or exploding baeries, motor-related issues,
which include overheang motors, motors making strange
noises, or motors catching on re, resulng in burning plasc
and structural burn marks
9Restraint issues such as tearing/fraying straps, non-latching seat
belts, or breaking seat buckles
9Bouncers without warning labels placed near where baby’s
head and shoulders should be
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 21
Infant Inclined Sleep
Products
Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9more than a 10-degree incline (most inclined sleep products
have a 20- to 30-degree incline and should not be sold)
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 22 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Infant Swings Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Collapses during use
9Structural issues, such as those involving broken sides, recline
adjustment pieces, wire bases, front tube retainers, or rubber
feet
9Toy bars that fail to snap into place or are broken
9Stability issues
9Leaking, cracking, or exploding baeries
9Overheang motors, motors making strange noises, and motors
catching on re, resulng in burning plasc and structural burn
marks
9Tearing/fraying straps, non-latching seat belts, and breaking
seat buckles
9Legs liing when swinging
9Lopsided swinging
9Tray not locking
Infant Walkers 9Destroy baby walkers that do not meet the CPSC’s mandatory
standard that helps prevent falls downstairs.
9The baby walker must have:
Rubber-like gripping strips underneath, or around the
base, to grip the oor
OR, if there are no gripping strips, it must have a base that
is at least 36-inches wide to prevent the baby walker from
ng through a standard doorway
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 23
Play Yards Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Missing warning labels
o Labels should state that the sides should never be le in
the down posion. (In the down posion, the side forms
a pocket that an infant can roll into and become trapped,
causing the child to suocate.)
9Top rails without a hinge in the center, or a hinge that does not
lock automacally when lied into the normal use posion
o If unlocked, the hinge may collapse, and the top rails can
form an acute V-shape that can entrap a child’s neck and
strangle the child
9Tears or holes in vinyl rail covering
o A teething infant can chew o pieces of the vinyl covering of
a play yard’s railing and choke
9Openings (weave) in mesh greater than 1/4 inch
9Tears or loose threads in mesh
o Infants or toddlers can strangle if their heads get caught in
tears in the mesh
9Mesh not aached securely to the top rails and oor plate
9Rivets that protrude 1/16 inch or more outside of the top rails
o A toddler can strangle in a play yard (somemes known as
a portable crib) with protruding rivets if a pacier string or
loose (or loosely woven) clothing catches onto one
9Loose or missing staples, rivets, or screws used in construcon
9Aer-market substuons/addions of maresses or pads
o Only maresses or pads provided by the manufacturer are
allowed
9Maresses or pads that are greater than 1.5 inches thick
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 24 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Portable Bed Rails Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Worn or poor quality fabric on mesh panel
9Sharp surface
9Hinge lock disengagement while in use
9Potenal for choking on small parts, such as loose hardware or
labels
9Instability issues resulng from loose hardware
9Fastening/locking-in-place mechanisms that release easily
9Extra-wide openings in non-mesh side panels or very short rail
height
9Bed rails should be at least 18 inches shorter than a maress,
to allow 9 inches for egress at either end
Portable Hook-On Chairs Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Broken aachments
9Restraint or containment issues
9Seat fabric separaon due to breaking or tearing components
9Broken structural components
Sling Carriers Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Buckles that easily release, slip, or break
9Broken components, or sharp surfaces
9Missing prominent warning labels addressing suocaon and
fall hazards, weight limitaons, and gures that show proper
posioning
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 25
So Infant and Toddler
Carriers
Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Fastener problems, such as snaps or buckles
breaking/unexpectedly releasing
9Problems with too small/too large leg openings
9Stching on the carrier coming undone or seams ripping,
resulng in other components, like straps, detaching
9Inadequate back support, or poor air ow in the carrier insert
9Straps that break or slip
Staonary Acvity Centers Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Broken, twisted, outstretched, or failed suspension springs
9Torn, frayed, twisted, or detached support straps
9Broken snap buons or fasteners
9Bent or damaged tubes, frames, or posts
9Broken or torn tabs or stching used to aach seat to frame
Toddler Beds Do NOT sell products that have any of these possible hazards:
9Broken, loose, or detached components of the bed, such as the
guardrail, hardware, or other accessories
9Product integrity issues, mostly integrity of the maress-
support, which can cause collapse of the bed, causing the child
to fall through
9Inadequate maress-t (included maress should be a full-
sized crib maress)
9Paint/coang issues, bed height/clearance issues, and
inadequacy of guardrails
Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 26 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Children’s clothing is commonly recalled due to failure to meet the standards for ammability in
16 CFR part 1610 (for all clothing texles), 16 part CFR 1615 and 16 CFR part 1616 (for children’s
sleepwear), small parts hazards, excessive levels of lead, and drawstrings.
Before accepng children’s clothing for resale, check for the following:
9Check for clothing recalls at: www.cpsc.gov/recalls or through the Recall App (to download, see
page 5 above or visit: www.cpsc.gov/data).
9Check that clothing does not have any buons, snaps, or decoraons that could easily detach,
causing a choking hazard.
9Check for drawstrings in children’s upper outerwear, discussed further below.
Drawstrings in Children’s Clothing
HAZARDS: Strangulaon.
Drawstrings are non-retractable cords, ribbons, or tapes of any material to pull together parts of
upper outerwear to provide for closure. The CPSC regulaon denes “upper outerwear” as “clothing,
such as jackets and sweatshirts, generally intended to be worn on the exterior of other garments.”
Young children can be seriously injured or killed if the upper outerwear they are wearing catches
and snags on other objects. CPSC sta is aware of 26 deaths and 73 nonfatal incidents that occured
between January 1985 and June 2019 which were associated with neck/hood drawstrings on
children’s outerwear, and that involved children 18 months to 15 years of age. Of these, the most
common incident scenarios involved drawstrings geng entangled on playground slides. Typically, as
a child descended the slide, the toggle or knot on the drawstring got caught in a small space or gap
at the top of the slide. Examples of catch points include a protruding bolt or a ny space between
the guardrail and the slide plaorm. This can present a strangulaon risk and has resulted in death.
Incidents have also occurred when the long, trailing drawstring at the waist of a jacket was caught on
the closed door of a moving school bus.
In July 2011, the Commission determined that hood and neck drawstrings on children’s upper
outwear present a strangulaon risk that is a substanal product hazard. The Commission can order
retailers, including resellers, to recall a product deemed to be a substanal product hazard.
Restricons on drawstrings do not include: underwear and inner clothing layers, pants, shorts, and
skirts that are not intended for the upper poron of the body.
Children’s Daywear and Sleepwear
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 27
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check www.cpsc.gov/recalls for recalls of clothing with drawstrings and report children’s
clothing with drawstrings to CPSC. It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled
product.
9 Inspect children’s upper outwear for the following:
o hood and neck area, if sizes 2T to 12—completely remove the drawstrings;
o waist and boom area, if sizes 2T to 16—modify or remove the drawstrings so they are:
o limited to 3 inches outside the drawstring channel when the garment is expanded to its
fullest width;
o free of toggles, knots, and other aachments at the free ends of drawstrings;
o one connuous string and bar tacked (i.e., stched through to prevent the drawstring
from being pulled through its channel).
Children’s Daywear and Sleepwear
Page 28 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
In 2018, there were an esmated 226,100 toy-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency
departments.
All toys intended for use by children 12 years of age and under must be tested by a third party,
CPSC-accepted laboratory. The manufacturer or importer must then cerfy, via a Children’s Product
Cercate (CPC), that the product meets applicable U.S. safety standards, including the federal toy
safety standard. Please see our Business Guidance Pages at www.cpsc.gov/cpc and www.cpsc.gov/
toysafety, respecvely.
ASTM F963-17, The Standard Consumer Safety Specicaon for Toy Safety, is a comprehensive
standard addressing numerous hazards that have been identified with toys. In 2008, the Consumer
Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) mandated that the voluntary toy safety standard in
effect at that time become a nationwide mandatory children›s product safety rule. CPSC has adopted
subsequent revisions to ASTM F963.
You may view a summary of the ASTM toy safety standard and purchase the standard in its enrety
from ASTM Internaonal’s website. On ASTM’s website, you can view a brief descripon of the toy
safety standard, a table of contents of the standard’s secons, and a list of products that are not
covered by the toy safety standard (although some of those products, such as bicycles, are covered by
another mandatory standard). You can view the full standard for free through ASTM’s Reading Room:
www.astm.org/readinglibrary. If you would like to download the standard, you must purchase the
copyright-protected document from ASTM by vising: www.astm.org/Standards/F963.htm.
The manufacturer or importer of children’s toys is responsible for idenfying the secons of the toy
standard that apply to their company’s product(s). As a reseller, you are not required to test or cerfy
your products, but you should familiarize yourself with these requirements to idenfy potenally
hazardous toys before they can injure a child. When selecng children’s toys for resale, follow the
children’s product guidance on pages 8-13.
Toys
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 29
HAZARDS: Death, intesnal twisng (volvulus injuries), intesnal perforaon (holes) leading to
sepsis, or blockage.
o Toys containing hazardous magnets can kill children if mulple magnets are swallowed.
Hazardous magnets are small (meaning they t enrely within the small parts cylinder), highly
powered (meaning they have a ux index ≥50, as found in Secon 8.25 of the Toy Safety Standard),
and may come as part of construcon sets, acon gures, dolls, puzzles, jewelry, and other toys.
If ingested, two or more high-powered magnets, or a high-powered magnet and a magnec object,
can interact across bodily ssues resulng in serious, even life-threatening, complicaons from the
damage caused by the aracon forces and subsequent medical intervenons. Esmates show that
thousands of magnet-related ingesons occurred from 2009-2018. Some children ages 18 months to
16 years old have required surgery to remove ingested magnets. CPSC is aware of at least four deaths
related to these products.
CPSC sta has received numerous reports of magnet-related ingesons, many of which required
surgical intervenon. In many cases, the magnets had fallen out of larger components of toys, or were
separated from a larger set of small, rare earth magnets. In other cases, children swallowed intact toy
components containing magnets.
To mimic body piercings, older children have placed two or more magnets on opposite sides of
their ear lobes, tongue and nose, which has resulted in magnets being unintenonally inhaled and
swallowed. For more informaon see CPSC’s Informaonal Brieng Package Regarding Magnet Sets.
The magnet requirements of the toy standard do does not apply to magnec/electrical experimental
sets if they are intended for children 8 years old or older and are labeled with this warning:
“WARNING: This product contains (a) small magnet(s). Swallowed magnets can sck together across
intesnes causing serious infecons and death. Seek immediate medical aenon if magnet(s) are
swallowed or inhaled.” Magnec/electrical experimental sets are toys that contain one or more
magnets intended for carrying out educaonal experiments involving both magnesm and electricity.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Destroy toys with magnec parts that:
o have loose or missing magnec components; or
o have been recalled. Check for recalls at: www.cpsc.gov/recalls.
Toys with Magnets
Page 30 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
HAZARDS: Suocaon, entrapment, strangulaon, pinching, crushing, or laceraon.
Toy chests with hinged lids that open vercally can collapse or drop suddenly, parcularly if the lids
have a hinge with an adjustable fricon lid support (see drawing below). The CPSC has received
reports of death and brain damage as a result of toy chest lids falling onto children’s heads or necks.
Most of the children were under 2 years of age. Accidents occurred as children were reaching over
and into the toy chest, when the lid dropped, either falling onto their heads, or trapping them at the
neck, between the lid and the edge of the toy chest.
Suocaon deaths have occurred when children climbed into chests to hide or sleep. Because the
toy chests were not venlated adequately, the children suocated in the enclosed space. Lid support
mechanisms, chest hardware, and aachment failures also have resulted in injuries, such as crushing,
pinching, or laceraon-type injuries.
Toy chests are regulated by the toy safety standard, ASTM F963. The safety provisions in the standard
are intended to prevent the hazards of suocaon, entrapment, strangulaon, pinching, crushing, or
laceraon and the described injuries.
Toy Chests
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 31
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check www.cpsc.gov/recalls for toy chest recalls and report hazardous toy chests to CPSC.
It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 Destroy toy chests that do NOT have:
o a spring-loaded lid support that will keep the lid open in any posion without
adjustment by the consumer to ensure adequate lid support; and
o venlaon holes or openings in the front, sides, or a gap under the lid. These venlaon
holes should not be blocked if the chest is placed on the oor against the wall.
9 Also destroy:
o toy chests with an automac locking device or a latch. These devices could prevent a
child who climbs into a toy chest from exing it.
o non-toy chests with automac locks, such as trunks, wicker chests, and wooden storage
chests that have been recalled. Children have also died in these chests.
Toy Chests
Page 32 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
General-use products are consumer products that are designed or intended for use by consumers of
all ages, including children 12 years old or younger.
Unlike children’s products, most general-use products do not have mandatory tesng, labeling, or
cercaon requirements from the CPSC. However, if a product presents a substanal product
hazard, it can be recalled. Always remember to check for recalls on: www.cpsc.gov/recalls prior to
accepng a product for resale. It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled product.
The following pages contain more informaon on general-use product requirements.
Appliances
CPSC is aware of over 400 recalls involving home appliances, such as washing machines, dryers,
refrigerators, and counter-top kitchen appliances. Reasons for the recalls include burn hazards,
laceraon hazards, re hazards, electric shock hazards, and p over hazards. Many of these hazards
are associated with serious injuries and deaths.
Recalled items oen make their way into the resale market. Always check for recalls prior to
accepng an appliance for resale. If you do end up with a recalled item in your possession, follow
the prescribed remedial acon, or if it’s not possible, dispose of it permanently (so it cannot be used
again).
For guidance on destroying recalled appliances, contact the equipment manufacturer. If you cannot
contact the manufacturer, CPSC recommends making the unit unusable before disposal (e.g. cung
power cords, removing and destroying computer boards, etc.). You can also contact CPSC’s toll-free
consumer hotline at: 800-638-2772 (TTY 800-638-8270) or email: [email protected] with quesons.
General Use ProductsGeneral Use Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 33
Every year, electrical products are associated with injuries, deaths, and res in homes. CPSC does
not have mandatory standards for the electrical products listed below, but suggests that you use this
page to spot possible safety problems with products before sale. Equipment with frayed or damaged
cords or plugs should be discarded. Use cauon when powering devices to assess their suitability
for resale. Plug the device into a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) -protected receptacle; if the
GFCI trips, properly dispose of the product. Look for the safety cercaon mark of a Naonally
Recognized Tesng Laboratory (www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl/nrtllist.html), such as marks like
Underwriter Laboratories (UL), Edison Tesng Laboratories (ETL) and Canadian Standards Associaon
(CSA).
Before reselling any electrical product, check for recalls at: www.cpsc.gov/recalls.
Lighng
• For light xtures and lamps, ensure that the light bulb is the
correct waage for the xture. If you are unsure, use a bulb
that is 60 was or less. For unmarked ceiling xtures with
miniature bulbs, use 25 wa bulbs, or even lower waage,
such as an LED bulb, which gives o much less heat (so-called
“60 wa equivalent” LED bulbs typically run about 10 was actually).
Portable Heang Equipment
• Make sure the heater has a seal of a naonally recognized tesng
laboratory (NRTL), such as UL, ETL, or CSA. If not, destroy the heater.
• Test the heater to see if it is in good working order (no odd smells,
sparks, or smoke when operang, stable on its feet). If it is not in
good working order, properly dispose of it.
Dehumidiers
• Make sure that the dehumidier has a seal of a NRTL, such as UL,
ETL, or CSA. If not, destroy it.
• Test the dehumidier to see if it is in good working order (no odd
smells, sparks, or smoke when operang, stable on its feet). If it is
not in good working order, destroy it.
• A large number of dehumidiers have been recalled. Be sure to
check the model of the dehumidier through: www.cpsc.gov/recalls or
the CPSC Recall App (to download, see page 5 above or visit:
www.cpsc.gov/data) before oering it for sale.
Electrical Products
Page 34 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Extension Cords (see detailed requirements below) and Power Strips
• Inspect any electrical cords for fraying, cracks,
or other damages. Destroy all damaged cords.
• Make sure that electrical plugs t snugly into
all outlets.
Counter Top Appliances (such as Toasters, Blenders, and Mixers)
• Properly dispose of any appliances that have
ever produced even a slight shock.
• Ensure that appliances are in good condion
(working well with no damaged parts).
Electric Blankets
• Check blankets for cracks or breaks in wiring,
plugs, and connectors.
• Check for dark, charred, or frayed spots on
either side of the blanket.
• Destroy any damaged blankets.
Electrical Power Tools
• Make sure that all cord-connected power tools
are equipped with 3-prong plugs or are marked
to indicate that they are double insulated.
Electrical Garden Tools
• Ensure that all power cords are in good condion,
with no cracks or exposed wires.
• Test all tools to make sure that they are operang
properly, with no signs of damaged wiring or parts.
Electrical Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 35
Hair Dryers
HAZARDS: Electric shock, Electrocuon (death).
A hand-supported hair dryer is a portable electrical appliance that typically contains open-coil heang
elements that are uninsulated, electrically energized wires, over which a fan blows air. Electric voltage
is sll present when the hair dryer is plugged in, even if the switch is in the “o” posion. Without the
immersion protecon device shown in the illustraon below, a dryer that is dropped accidentally into
water, such as in a sink or bathtub, can electrocute anyone who is in the water or who touches the
water.
The Commission has determined that hair dryers that do not have integral immersion protecon in
accordance with secon 5 of UL 859 and or secon 6 of UL 1727 present a risk of electrical shock and
constute a substanal product hazard.
Electrical Products
Page 36 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Hand-Supported Hair Dryers (meets UL standards)
Most new hand-supported hair dryers have immersion-protecon devices. Many secondhand hand-
supported dryers do not have immersion-protecon devices. This immersion protecon is required,
even if a hair dryer is intended for professional use only.
The standards have been very eecve in reducing deaths and electric shock injuries from hair dryer
immersion or contact with water. Before the inial safety standards took eect in 1986, a total of 110
electrocuons reportedly were due to hair dryer immersions or water contact. From 2009 to 2018,
CPSC received reports of 23 nonfatal incidents, two involving water. In one case, the consumer reports
that when the hair dryer caught re, the consumer threw water on the hair dryer while it was sll
plugged in, and was shocked. In the other case, the consumer was using the hair dryer near a sink with
running water, dropped it in the sink, and was shocked while trying to remove it.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for hair dryer recalls and report hazardous hairdryers to CPSC.
It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 CPSC sta advises you to destroy any hairdryer that does NOT have:
o an integral immersion-protecon device, which is a large block-shaped plug at the end
of the cord that contains some type of circuit interrupter. The picture below shows a
power cord with an integral circuit interrupter at the plug end; and
o the cercaon mark of a recognized tesng laboratory, such as UL, ETL, or CSA on the
hair dryer itself.
Electrical Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 37
Seasonal and Decorave Lighng Products
HAZARDS: Electric shock, Electrocuon (death), re.
Seasonal and decorave lighng products are portable, plug-
connected, temporary-use lighng products and accessories
that have a nominal 120-volt input voltage rang.
The Commission has determined that seasonal and decorave lighng products, including holiday
lights, that do not contain one or more of three readily observable safety characteriscs (minimum
wire size, sucient strain relief, or overcurrent protecon) present a risk of electrical shock or re
and constute a substanal product hazard.
In general, secons 6, 7, 15, 71, 79, and SB15 of the UL standard 588 (18th edion) set forth the
requirements for the three readily observable characteriscs in the rule: minimum wire size,
sucient strain relief, and overcurrent protecon (fuses). The presence of these three characteriscs
reduces the risk of electrical shock or re.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check:www.cpsc.gov/recalls for seasonal holiday light recalls and report hazardous seasonal
holiday lights to CPSC. It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 CPSC sta advises you to destroy any seasonal holiday lights that do NOT meet the minimum
wire size, sucient strain relief, or overcurrent protecon standards, summarized below.
Seasonal Decorave Lighng
Products
Readily Observable Characteriscs
Minimum
Wire Size
(AWG) UL 588
Secon 6
Sucient Strain Relief (load
weight)
Overcurrent
Protecon Qty.
U: 588 Secon 7
Plugs/Load
Fings UL
588 Secons
15 and 71
Lampholders
UL 588
Secons 79
and SB15
Series-
connected
lighng
product
With Load
Fing
20 (Polarized
Plug)
20 lbs.
(smaller than
18 AWG)
20 lbs. 1
22 (Non-
Polarized Plug)
8 lbs. 2
Without Load
Fing
22 (Polarized
Plug)
8 lbs. 1
22 (Non-
Polarized Plug)
8 lbs. 2
Parallel-
connected
light product
With or
Without Load
Fing
20 (XTW)
18 (All others)
All Polarized
Plugs
20 lbs (20
AWG)
30 lbs (18
AWG)
20 lbs. 1
Electrical ProductsElectrical Products
Page 38 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Extension Cords
HAZARDS: Electric shock, Electrocuon (death), re.
Extension cords are dened as a length of factory-assembled exible cord, with an aachment plug or
current tap as a line ng, and with a cord connector as a load ng. Extension cords (see gure 1)
are used for extending the electricity supply of an electrical outlet or receptacle to a portable corded
appliance or device, such as a toaster, a lamp, a television, or a leaf blower.
16 CFR part 1120 applies to extension cords that are equipped with Naonal Electrical Manufacturer
Associaon (“NEMA”) 1-15, 5-15 and 5-20 ngs (see gure 2), and that are intended for indoor use
only, or for both indoor and outdoor use. The Commission refers to cords intended for indoor use
only as “indoor cords” and to cords intended for both indoor and outdoor use as “outdoor cords.”
Electrical Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 39
The term “extension cord” does not include detachable power supply cords, appliance cords, power
strips and taps, and adaptor cords supplied with outdoor tools and yard equipment (see the table
below). Extension cords have receptacles or outlets molded into the cord itself; whereas, power strips
and taps have exible cord, but receptacles or outlets are not molded into the cord itself. (Power
strips and taps are covered by a voluntary industry consensus, the Standard for Current Taps and
Adapters, UL 498A).
The Commission has determined that extension cords (for indoor and outdoor use) that do not
contain all applicable readily observable safety characteriscs: that is, minimum wire size; sucient
strain relief; proper polarizaon; proper connuity; outlet covers [for indoor cords]; and jacketed
cords [for outdoor cords], present a risk of electrical shock or re and constute a substanal product
hazard.
Four of the six observable characteriscs apply to all general-use extension cords (indoor and outdoor
extension cords, including indoor seasonal extension cords): (1) minimum wire size; (2) sucient
strain relief; (3) proper polarity; and (4) proper connuity. All four characteriscs must be present for
the product not to present a substanal product hazard.
Addionally, one characterisc (outlet covers) applies to 2-wire indoor extension cords, and one
characterisc (jacketed cord) applies to outdoor extension cords. Thus, 2-wire indoor and all outdoor
extension cords would each be required to exhibit ve readily observable characteriscs described
in UL 817. If one or more applicable characteriscs are missing, the product presents a substanal
product hazard under secon 15(a)(2) of the CPSA.
Electrical Products
Page 40 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
All products within the scope of the rule are covered by UL 817.
General
Extension Cord
Usage
Readily Observable Characteriscs
Minimum
Wire Size
(AWG)
Sucient
Strain Relief
Proper Polarizaon Proper
Connuity
Protecve
Feature
Indoor UL 817
Secon 20
16AWG, or
17/18AWG
with integral
overcurrent
protecon
UL 817 Secons
2.10, 21
18AWG or
larger must
withstand 30
pound force
UL 817
Secon 84
Cord ngs must
be polarized
(NEMA-115) or
have a grounding
pin (NEMA5-15)
UL 817 Secons 9,
19
Plug and outlet
terminals must
be connected
in idencal
conguraon
(i.e., Hot-to-
Hot, likewise
for Neutral and
Ground)
UL 817
Secons 16,
105
Outlet
covers must
be provided
on unused
outlets
on 2-wire
parallel
UL 817
Secon 26.7
Outdoor UL
817 Secon 30
Same
requirements
as for
indoor cords
described
above and
UL 817
Secons 2.13,
30
Same
requirements
as for
indoor cords
described
above
Same requirements
as for indoor cords
described above
and
UL 817 Secons 31,
32
Same
requirements
as for
indoor cords
described
above
Jacketed
exible cord
UL 817
Secon 30
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for extension cord recalls and report hazardous extension
cords to CPSC. It is illegal to sell a recalled product.
9 CPSC sta advises you to destroy any extension cords that do NOT display all applicable
observable safety characteriscs.
Electrical Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 41
CPSC has product safety regulaons in place for certain types of furniture. The following pages detail
your obligaons before reselling furniture arcles.
Keep in mind that children’s furniture items have safety requirements in addion to the furniture-
specic standards. To learn more about those requirements, please visit our Regulatory Robot tool:
www.business.cpsc.gov/robot.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check for recalls on: www.cpsc.gov/recalls. Children’s and non-children’s furniture arcles
have been recalled for a variety of reasons, including entrapment, p-over, suocaon,
chemical hazards, and ammability. It is illegal to sell, oer to sell, or distribute a recalled
product.
9 Pieces of moveable furniture that contain a surface coang, such as beds, bookcases,
chairs, chests, tables, dressers, and console televisions are covered by the Lead in Paint (16
CFR part 1303) regulaon. You are not required to test your products; however, furniture
that was produced prior to 1978 is more likely to contain lead paint hazards.
9 CPSC recommends you do not sell broken, cracked, or unstable furniture.
9 Destroy storage chests with automac locks, such as trunks, wicker chests, and wooden
storage chests that have been recalled. Children have also died in these chests. (See Toy
Chests secon on pages 30-31.)
Furniture
Page 42 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Bean Bag Chairs
HAZARDS: Suocaon, choking.
Bean bag chairs made with zippers and foam pellets have been associated with deaths, as well as
nonfatal incidents. Children have unzipped bean bag chairs, crawled inside, inhaled or ingested the
foam pellets, and suocated. Some have unzipped the chairs, then pulled out the foam pellets and
played with them. The pellets clogged their mouths and noses, and they suocated. Other children
choked on the pellets but survived. From 2009-2018, CPSC received reports of seven deaths
associated with bean bag chairs in children aged 4 months to 13 years. Deaths involved mechanical
and posional asphyxia (e.g., suocated underneath the bean bag, or found face down on the bean
bag. One child unzipped and crawled inside the bean bag). Since 1996, bean bag chairs that comply
with the voluntary standard (ASTM F1912-98(09)) have been manufactured with zippers that young
children cannot open.
CPSC does not have a mandatory standard for bean bag chairs. The voluntary standard for bean bag
chairs requires that chairs intended to be relled must have a locking zipper that opens only with a
special tool. Chairs that are not intended to be relled must have a permanently disabled zipper or
no zipper. The requirements also include permanent warning labels for bean bag chairs. The label
wording diers depending on whether the chairs can be relled. Durability tesng is intended to
ensure that materials that could tear easily and allow pellets to escape and be inhaled are not used in
manufacturing bean bag chairs.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for bean bag chair recalls. It is illegal to sell, oer to sell, or
distribute a recalled product.
9 CPSC sta advises you to destroy any bean bag chair that has:
o A zipper that can be opened by young children;
o Stung or pellets coming out of the chair; or
o Seams that can come apart if they are pulled. The foam pellets could escape, posing a
hazard to children.
Furniture
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 43
Bunk Beds
HAZARDS: Strangulaon, suocaon, hanging.
A bunk bed is any sleep structure with at least
one maress foundaon more than 30 inches
above the oor. A maress foundaon is the
base or support on which you place the
maress. From 2009 to 2018, CPSC received
50 records of deaths of children aged 17 and
under due to strangulaon or suocaon
from bunk bed entrapments. It is
important to note that although most of the deaths were due to entrapment, several resulted from
ligature hangings because of products caught on or ed to a bunk bed. Sixty-three percent (63%)
were 3 years old or younger. Some children strangled when their bodies, but not their heads, slid
between a guardrail and the bed frame, leaving their bodies hanging. Some suocated when they
became trapped in openings within the footboard or headboard end structures or between the bed
and the wall. CPSC sta is also aware of incidents of hanging, where some children hanged from a top
bunk when something they were wearing caught on a vercal protrusion as they were climbing out of
the bunk.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY: Check the assembled bunk bed, and only sell it if it has all of the
following safety features required by CPSC’s standard at 16 CFR part 1213. Otherwise, destroy
it.
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for bunk bed recalls and report hazardous bunk beds to CPSC.
It is illegal to sell, oer to sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 Guardrails on Both Sides of the Upper Bunk:
o One guardrail must run connuously from the headboard to the footboard.
o The other guardrail also can run connuously from the headboard to the footboard.
However, if it is not connuous, there should be no openings greater than 15 inches
between the end of the guardrail and either end structure (headboard or footboard).
o There must be no openings larger than 3 ½ inches within the guardrail, or between the
guardrail and the maress foundaon.
9 End Structures:
o The end structures (headboard and footboard) of the upper bunk must not have
openings larger than 3 ½ inches. The end structures in the lower bunk must not have
openings larger than 3 ½ inches, unless those openings are at least 9 inches.
Furniture
Page 44 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
9 Other Requirements:
o Assemble and ensure that the bunk beds have all component parts, including all screws
and hardware. For tubular metal bunk beds, there must be no breaks or cracks in the
paint or metal around the welds that hold the side rail to the bed frame at all four
corners of the upper and lower bunks.
o There should be no vercal protrusions or projecons, such as ladder sles or corner
posts, that extend more than 3/16 inch above the top of any end structure, guardrail, or
other part of the upper bunk.
o There must be a warning label aached to the bed that describes entrapment and fall
hazards, describes the appropriate maress dimensions, and warns against allowing
children under 6 years on the upper bunk.
o There also should be a warning label on the bed that describes the strangulaon hazard
from children becoming entangled in items aached to or hanging from the bunk bed.
o The maress, if there is one, should match the size specied in the warning label on the
bed. Specically, the top of each guardrail should be at least 5 inches above the top of
the maress, and the top of each end structure (headboard and footboard) should be
at least 5 inches above the top of the maress for at least half of the maress length.
o All openings in bunk bed ladders, and between the ladder and upper bunk, should be
either greater than 9 inches or smaller than 3 ½ inches, to prevent entrapment. If the
ladder is aached to the lower bunk, then any gaps between the ladder and lower bunk
should be larger than 9 inches or smaller than 1.88 inches.
Furniture
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 45
Clothing Storage Units
Resellers should make certain that the clothing storage units they sell in the United States comply
with the applicable current voluntary safety standards, including all referenced standards and
requirements contained in the latest revision of ASTM F2057-19, Safety Specicaon for Clothing
Storage Units. ASTM F2057-19 denes “clothing storage units” as “furniture item with drawers and/
or hinged doors intended for the storage of clothing typical with bedroom furniture.” This standard
covers free-standing clothing storage units, including but not limited to chests, chests of drawers,
drawer chests, armoires, chierobes, bureaus, door chests, and dressers.
The ASTM standard, which can be purchased from ASTM Internaonal here: www.astm.org, was
designed to reduce the serious risk of dangerous p-over events. ASTM F2057-19 applies to clothing
storage units that are 27 inches and above in height.
CPSC received numerous reports of child fatalies that occurred between 2000 and the present
associated with clothing storage unit p overs. ASTM F2057-19 includes requirements to address
potenal p overs of clothing storage units. Accordingly, CPSC considers clothing storage units that
fall within the scope of ASTM F2057-19, but do not meet its requirements, to contain a defect that
could present a substanal product hazard under Secon 15(a) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. § 2064(a). The
CPSC has also recalled numerous unstable clothing storage units in the past.
Consequently, you should not sell clothing storage units that are within the scope of the ASTM
F2057-19 standard but do not comply with its requirements. CPSC urges you to review your product
inventory regularly to ensure that all clothing storage units that you sell comply with ASTM F2057-19
standard, where applicable.
More informaon is available on CPSC’s website: hps://www.cpsc.gov/Business--Manufacturing/
Business-Educaon/Business-Guidance/Clothing-Storage-Units.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Millions of dressers have been recalled due to p over hazards. Before accepng a dresser
for resale, check for Recalls on: www.cpsc.gov/recalls.
9 Train sales associates to inform consumers of the dangers of TV p-over incidents and
methods to prevent these incidents by vising: www.anchorit.gov.
9 Use in-store displays to remind shoppers of the danger.
9 Provide straps and wall brackets for consumers to secure TVs and furniture. Ensure that
anchoring or p-restraint systems are in accordance with ASTM F3096-14.
9 Check that clothing storage units comply with Furniture Performance Standards. Clothing
storage units taller than 27 inches should be in accordance with the stability and anchoring
requirements as described in ASTM F2057-19.
Furniture
Page 46 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Maresses
HAZARDS: Fire.
Maresses, either as a set with a foundaon, or labeled for sale alone, must meet the CPSC’s
ammability regulaons designed to limit the spread and intensity of a re ignited by open-ame
sources, such as candles, matches, and lighters and by cigaree ignion.
The maress regulaon is esmated to prevent as many as 270 deaths and 1,330 injuries each year.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for maress recalls and report hazardous maresses to CPSC.
It is illegal to sell a recalled product.
9 Destroy maresses and maress sets manufactured, imported, or renovated:
o Aer July 1, 2007, and that do not have a label cerfying that they meet the standard.
Every maress and foundaon must bear a permanent, conspicuous, and legible label
in English. If a maress was made before 2007, CPSC recommends it not be resold.
o Where the maress or foundaon is not intended to be sold separately and the
component to be sold fails to meet the requirements of the standard. The label states
whether the maress is intended for use with a foundaon, without a foundaon, or
with or without a foundaon.
Furniture
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 47
Storage Chests
HAZARDS: Suocaon, entrapment, strangulaon, pinching, crushing, or laceraon.
Storage chests with hinged lids that open vercally can collapse or drop suddenly, parcularly if
the lids have a hinge with an adjustable fricon lid support. The CPSC has received reports of brain
damage or death as a result of storage chest lids falling onto children’s heads or necks. Most of the
children were under 2 years of age. Accidents occurred when children were reaching over and into
the storage chest when the lid dropped, either falling onto their heads, or trapping them at the neck,
between the lid and the edge of the storage chest.
Suocaon deaths have occurred when children climbed into chests to hide or sleep. Because
the storage chests were not venlated adequately, the children suocated in the enclosed space.
Lids on storage chests can latch shut automacally, locking children inside. In addion, lid support
mechanisms, chest hardware, and aachments also have resulted in injuries, such as crushing,
pinching, or laceraon-type injuries.
Types of chests with these hazards include toy chests (see Toy Chests secon of this guide on pages
30-31 for addional informaon), cedar chests, cedar trunks, cedar boxes, hope chests, blanket
chests, storage benches, and storage trunks.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check: www.cpsc.gov/recalls for chest recalls and report hazardous storage chests to CPSC.
It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 For chests that have not been recalled, but have an automac latch or lock, disable or
remove the lock and check with the chest manufacturer to see if the manufacturer is
oering replacement hardware.
9 Be sure to follow all recall remedies, including hardware removal or installaon of new
hardware.
9 Destroy storage chests that do NOT have:
o a spring-loaded lid support that will keep the lid open in any posion without
adjustment by the consumer to ensure adequate lid support; or
o venlaon holes or openings in the front, sides, or a gap under the lid. These venlaon
holes should not be blocked if the chest is placed on the oor against the wall.
9 Also destroy:
o storage chests with automac locks, such as trunks, wicker chests, and wooden storage
chests that have been recalled. Children have also died in these chests.
Furniture
Page 48 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Bicycle Helmets
HAZARDS: brain injury, contusions, death
A bicycle helmet is any headgear marketed as protecng a
bicycle rider from head injury while riding, or that is marketed
or promoted in a manner that implies it provides such protecon.
If a helmet is marketed or represented as providing protecon
during general use or in a variety of specic uses other than
bicycling, it is sll regarded as a bicycle helmet if a reasonable
consumer could conclude from the markeng or promoon,
that bicycling is among the uses for which the helmet is intended.
CPSC’s bicycle helmet regulaon sets performance requirements for helmets to protect bicycle
riders from head injuries caused by falls or crashes. Bicycle helmets that fail any of the requirements
violate the Consumer Product Safety Act, and they cannot be oered for sale, sold or distributed.
Requirements for helmets can be found in 16 CFR part 1203.
• Helmets are tested to make sure that:
o they do not block the rider’s vision (the “peripheral vision test”);
o they do not come o when the rider falls (the “posional stability test”);
o the straps that hold a helmet on a rider’s head do not stretch enough to let the helmet
come o in an accident (the “dynamic strength of retenon in system test”);
o the helmet signicantly reduces the force to the rider’s head when the helmet hits a hard
surface (the “impact aenuaon test”).
Every bicycle helmet must have instrucons telling riders how to make sure the helmet ts properly
and how to wear it properly. The instrucons must include a picture showing the proper way to wear
the helmet. Every bicycle helmet must be marked with the following informaon so that it is
legible and clearly visible:
• The model number or designaon;
• A warning that no helmet can protect against all possible impacts, and that death or serious
injury could happen in the event of an impact;
• A warning that, for maximum protecon, the helmet must t the rider’s head properly, and
that the rider must put the helmet on properly and hook the straps together, following the
manufacturer’s ng instrucons. This warning must also be on the package of the helmet.
• A warning that a helmet that has received an impact may be damaged so much that it no longer
protects the rider; and that such damage may not be visible; and this warning should tell the
user to return to the manufacturer any helmet that has received such an impact, or to destroy
and replace it.
Sports, Recreaonal and Outdoor Equipment
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 49
• A warning that common cleaners, such as ammonia or bleach, may damage the helmet, and
that such damage may not be visible. This warning should list the most common cleaners or
other products that can damage the helmet and warn against using those cleaners. It should
also generally tell consumers how to clean the helmet, and what cleaners to use, and it should
refer them to the instrucon manual for more detail.
• All of the warnings above must start with the word “WARNING” in capital leers and bold type.
See 16 CFR § 1203.6 for more specic informaon on the labeling requirements.
Each bicycle helmet must have a label cerfying that the helmet meets the requirements of this
standard. The label must include:
• a specic statement that the helmet complies with the standard;
• the name, address, and telephone number of the manufacturer or importer issuing the
cercate, or of the private labeler of the helmet;
• the name and address of the foreign manufacturer, if the helmet was manufactured outside the
U.S., and
• informaon, such as a serial number, that allows you to idenfy the producon lot of the
helmet, and the month and year the helmet was manufactured.
• the label must be axed to the bicycle helmet and visible to the consumer.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check www.cpsc.gov/recalls for bicycle helmet recalls and report non-complaint bicycle
helmets to CPSC. It is illegal to oer for sale, sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 CPSC sta advises you to destroy any bicycle helmet that:
o Shows evidence of involvement in a crash or impact, such as a cracked, broken, or
scued outer shell.
o Has frayed or broken chin straps, or broken buckles.
9 Bicycle helmets, parcularly those made from foam, can have reduced eciency aer 5
years. CPSC sta recommends that you do not resell bicycle helmets that are more than 5
years old.
Sports, Recreaonal and Outdoor Equipment
Page 50 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Personal E-Mobility Devices (Hoverboards)
HAZARDS: burns, re, falls, electric shock.
A personal e-mobility device (e.g., a hoverboard, or self-
balancing scooter) is a single-rider, consumer mobility
device with a rechargeable baery-powered electric
drive train that propels the rider, and that may be
provided with a handle for grasping while riding.
This device may or may not be self-balancing.
There is no mandatory CPSC standard for hoverboards; however, CPSC sta recommends compliance
with voluntary standard UL 2272 Standard for Electrical Systems for Personal E-Mobility Devices. The
UL standard was designed to reduce the serious risk of dangerous res in these products.
From December 1, 2015 through February 2, 2018, CPSC received reports from consumers in 44
states of 283 self-balancing scooter res or overheang incidents resulng in 15 burn injuries, seven
smoke inhalaon injuries, and more than $9 million in property damage, including the destrucon of
six homes and two automobiles. One of these house res led to the deaths of two children in 2017.
These incidents overwhelmingly involved self-balancing scooters that did not comply with the UL
standard.
CPSC’s Oce of Compliance and Field Operaons may determine that self-balancing scooters that do
not meet the UL standard present a substanal product hazard under Secon 15(a) of the CPSA, 15
U.S.C. § 2064(a). Should CPSC ocers encounter such products, they may seek a recall.
• Secon 15(b) of the CPSA, 15 U.S.C. § 2064(b), requires every manufacturer, importer,
distributor, and retailer of consumer products to report immediately to the Commission when
the rm obtains informaon that reasonably supports the conclusion that a product distributed
in commerce contains a defect that could create a substanal product hazard or that the
product creates an unreasonable risk of serious injury or death. The statute also provides for
imposion of civil and criminal penales for failing to report the required informaon.
The U.S. Department of Transportaon requires that all lithium-ion baery products must comply
with test requirements under UN/DOT 38.3 Transport of Dangerous Goods for Lithium Metal and
Lithium-Ion Baeries.
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check for hoverboard recalls through: www.cpsc.gov/recalls. It is illegal to oer for sale,
sell, or distribute a recalled product.
9 CPSC sta advises you to properly dispose of, in accordance with local requirements for
lithium baery disposal, any hoverboard that does NOT:
o Meet the UL 2772 Standard for Electrical Systems for Personal E-Mobility Devices as
indicated by the cercaon mark of a recognized tesng laboratory (e.g., UL, ETL, CSA,
SGS) on the product itself.
Sports, Recreaonal and Outdoor Equipment
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 51
ATVs
HAZARDS: Fire, Injury, Death
In 2017, an esmated 93,800 ATV-related, emergency department-treated injuries occurred in the
United States. An esmated 26 percent of these involved children younger than 16 years of age.
CPSC sta has received reports of 15,250 ATV-related fatalies occurring between 1982 and 2017,
including 1,411 deaths between 2015 and 2017.
In the past, ATVs have been recalled because of failure to restrict speed, baery issues, component
parts breaking, fuel leaks, and other issues. These issues may not be immediately obvious on visual
inspecon. You should ALWAYS check for recalls on ATVs before selecng an ATV for resale. It is
illegal to sell, oer to sell, or distribute a recalled product.
• MANDATORY STANDARD: 16 CFR part 1420, Requirements for All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs).
RESELLER RESPONSIBILITY:
9 Check for recalls here: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
9 Three-wheeled ATVs are not allowed to be imported or distributed in the United States. Do
not accept three-wheeled ATVs for sale.
ROVs
HAZARDS: Loss of Control, Stability Issues, Occupant Ejecon, Collision, Fire, Debris Penetraon
Hazards, and Death
• VOLUNTARY STANDARDS: ANSI ROHVA 1-2016 Recreaonal O-Highway Vehicles (ROVs).
Addional informaon on ROVs can be found on our Recreaonal O-Highway Vehicles page.
• CHECK FOR RECALLS HERE: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
Mulpurpose O-Highway Ulity Vehicles (MOHUVs)/Ulity Vehicles
(UTVs)
HAZARDS: Loss of Control, Stability Issues, Occupant Ejecon, Collision, Fire and Debris
Penetraon Hazards
• VOLUNTARY STANDARDS: ANSI OPEI B71.9 (2016) Mulpurpose O-Highway Ulity Vehicles
(MOHUVs)
• Check for recalls here: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
Sports, Recreaonal and Outdoor Equipment
Page 52 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Golf Cars
HAZARDS: Loss of Control, Fire
• VOLUNTARY STANDARDS: ANSI/ILTVA Z130.1 (2012) Golf Cars – Safety and Performance
Specicaons
• Check for recalls here: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
Go Karts/Fun Karts
HAZARDS: Laceraon, Collision, Loss of Control
• VOLUNTARY STANDARDS: ASTM F2011-02 (2010) Standard Specicaon for Safety and
Performance of Fun-Karts
• Check for recalls here: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
Walk-Behind Lawn Mowers:
HAZARDS: Fire, Laceraon
• MANDATORY STANDARD: 16 CFR part 1205 Safety Standard for Walk-Behind Power Lawn
Mowers.
• Check for recalls here: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
Ride-On Lawn Mowers
HAZARDS: Impact, Laceraon, Fire
• VOLUNTARY STANDARDS: ANSI B71.1-2003 Walk Behind and Ride-On Machines with Mowers
• Check for recalls here: www.cpsc.gov/recalls
Sports, Recreaonal and Outdoor Equipment
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 53
“Upcycling” is the process of transforming by-products, waste materials, or other unwanted products
into new materials or products of beer quality and environmental value. Upcycling of goods has
become increasingly popular as consumers look for products that have a smaller ecological footprint.
“Refurbishing” involves renewing or restoring a product to a new condion and/or appearance. This
may involve cleaning of the product or replacing component parts of the product.
Although there are many benets to upcycling and refurbishing, there are important safety
requirements to remember when creang certain consumer products with upcycled materials.
Refurbished and upcycled products must meet the same requirements as new consumer products.
Refurbishers and upcyclers are considered manufacturers by the CPSC. A manufacturer of a children’s
product that is subject to a children’s product safety rule (such as lead or phthalate restricons) is
responsible for third party tesng, labeling, and cercaon of their products.
Basics to keep in mind
If you are creang a product out of upcycled goods, you should follow the below guidelines when
selecng materials. Product safety requirements vary widely, depending on what your end product
will be, how it will be used, and the age group for which it is intended. For example, the upcycled
materials used to create a picture frame likely have no mandatory tesng requirements; whereas,
upcycled materials used to create a children’s toy may need to be tested for lead content, phthalates,
small parts, and the requirements of the ASTM F963 Toy Standard. As a rst step, we recommend
using our Regulatory Robot tool, which will provide a summary of the likely requirements for your
product: www.business.cpsc.gov/robot.
Materials that may not require tesng
These materials can be upcycled easily and may not require any addional tesng, even if you are
making children’s products:
• Uncoated paper and paper products
• Texles made from natural and/or manufactured bers*
• Untreated, unnished wood**
• Plant- and animal-derived materials such as animal glue, bee’s wax, seeds, nut shells, owers,
bone, sea shell, coral, amber, feathers, fur, and natural leather**
* tesng for ammability may be required if you are making children’s clothing or
sleepwear
** tesng for small parts may be required if you are making a product for children under 3
Upcycled/Refurbished GoodsUpcycled/Refurbished Goods
Page 54 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
These upcycling materials should be avoided when making children’s products, but are likely ok for
general-use products:
• Plasc pieces, such as bole caps
• Pipe cleaners
• Plasc or metal buons
• Pins
• Metallic fabrics
Small Batch Manufacturer Registry
If you are making small batches of goods (i.e. less than 7,500 units of a covered product per year),
you may qualify as a Small Batch Manufacturer. This could relieve you of tesng certain materials at
a CPSC-accepted laboratory if you have wrien assurances from the component part supplier of the
materials’ compliance. If you qualify, you would sll need to make sure the product is tested, either
by you or from your suppliers. For more informaon about qualifying as a Small Batch Manufacturer,
visit: www.cpsc.gov/smallbatch.
Although small batch status does oer some tesng relief, Small Batch Manufacturers must always
third party test at a CPSC-accepted laboratory to demonstrate compliance with the following
children’s product safety rules:
• Lead-in-paint and other surface coangs, 16 CFR part 1303;
• Full-size cribs and non-full-size cribs, 16 CFR parts 1219 and 1220 (pdf);
• Paciers, 16 CFR part 1511;
• Small parts for children under 3 years of age, 16 CFR part 1501;
• Children’s metal jewelry, Sec. 101(b) of the CPSIA, as amended by P.L. 112-28; 15 USC 1278a(b)
(7);
• Durable infant or toddler products, as addional children’s product safety rules are enacted, 15
U.S.C. 2056a(f), Sec. 104 of the CPSIA.
For example, if small parts or lead paint tesng is required, then tesng MUST be conducted by a
CPSC-accepted laboratory, and this small batch provision does not relieve you of that responsibility.
Keep in mind that it may be dicult to determine the original manufacturer or supplier of your
upcycling material. If you cannot obtain assurances that your material is compliant, it must be tested.
Upcycled/Refurbished Goods
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 55
Commonly Upcycled Products and Safety Requirements
• Children’s products
o Children’s Clothing: Sheets, scrap fabric, and worn clothing can all be remade into safe and
funconal children’s clothing. If you will be selling clothing made for children, keep in mind
the following tesng requirements for your product:
16 CFR part 1610: Flammability of Clothing Texles. Many fabrics are exempt from
ammability tesng requirements. Plain-surface texle fabrics, regardless of ber
content, weighing 2.6 ounces per square yard (88.2 grams per square meter) or more,
and all fabrics, both plain-surface and raised-ber surface, regardless of weight, made
enrely from any of the following bers, or enrely from a combinaon of the following
bers: acrylic, modacrylic, nylon, olen, polyester, and wool, are exempt from tesng.
15 U.S.C. § 1278: Total Lead Content. If your product is made from 100% non-metallic
texles (with no buons, zippers, or other fasteners), you may not require tesng for
lead content.
16 CFR part 1303: Lead in Paint. If your product has a surface coang that could be
scraped o with a razor blade, such as a screen print, it will need to be tested for lead in
paint.
16 CFR part 1307: Phthalates. Plascized components of children’s bibs and sleepwear
must be tested for phthalates.
Special requirements for Children’s Sleepwear: In addion to the requirements above,
children’s sleepwear must meet addional standards for ammability. See 16 CFR
part 1615 and 16 CFR part 1616. Note: children’s sleepwear has parcularly stringent
labeling, tesng, and sizing requirements, depending on the type of sleepwear you are
making. If you are a new manufacturer, we recommend starng with general wearing
apparel before aempng children’s sleepwear.
o Children’s Toys:
Children’s toys must meet requirements for lead, lead in paint, phthalates, small parts,
and the ASTM F963-17 Toy Standard. If you are making toys for children under the age
of 3, the toys must be tested at a CPSC-Accepted Third Party Laboratory for small parts.
o Children’s Furniture: There are many dierent mechanical requirements for children’s
furniture. The following requirements may apply to your children’s furniture:
15 U.S.C. § 1278: Total Lead Content
16 CFR part 1303: Lead in Paint
Upcycled/Refurbished Goods
Page 56 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Durable Infant or Toddler Products. Each product in this category has specic
mechanical and physical tesng requirements. If you are manufacturing these products,
they must be tested at a CPSC-accepted third party laboratory. See pages 15-25 for a
list of children’s products in this category.
Bunk beds, clothing storage units, maresses, and carpets and rugs have their own
product safety requirements. See the applicable pages of this guide for these products,
or consult the Regulatory Robot (business.cpsc.gov/robot) for more detail.
o Adult Clothing
16 CFR part 1610: Flammability of Clothing Texles. Many fabrics are exempt from
ammability tesng requirements. For example, if the fabric you are using is plain-
surface and 2.6 ounces per square yard or greater, it would not require tesng for
ammability. For more informaon, select the “Apparel and Other Texle Products”
category in the Regulatory Robot: www.business.cpsc.gov/robot.
o Furniture
Moveable furniture must meet the requirements in secon 16 CFR part 1303 for lead in
paint content. If you’re renishing a piece of furniture, be sure you have a Reasonable
Tesng Program (www.cpsc.gov/generaluse) and issue a General Cercate of
Conformity (GCC) (www.cpsc.gov/gcc).
If you are manufacturing a general-use product, such as non-children’s furniture, then
for purposes of preparing a GCC, you must test the paint (in its dried state), test the
nished product, and/or instute a reasonable tesng program to ensure that your
products do not contain levels of lead in the paint that violate the limit. Contacng a
paint manufacturer and asking for wrien assurances that its paint does not contain
lead and/or asking for test reports can be one part of a reasonable tesng program. Due
care must be taken to ensure the compliance of the paint or the surface coang.
Upcycled/Refurbished Goods
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 57
Many injuries occur in retail stores annually. CPSC has received reports of injuries from:
• Slips/trips on spills or wet oors
• Individuals tripping over products, displays, or rugs in walkways
• Tripping into shelving units/clothing racks
• Reaching for items on high shelves and knocking onto self
• Items falling o of shelving units
The Naonal Fire Protecon Associaon (NFPA) esmates that there were 18,582 res annually in
U.S. businesses from 2013 through 2017, causing 15 deaths, 308 injuries, and more than $850M in
property loss.
Addionally, p-over deaths can also occur in retail spaces due to falling items, such as mirrors, store
displays, and furniture.
The following pages contain guidance to help you make your retail space safe for your employees and
customers alike.
TVs and Furniture
Children like to climb on furniture. As you childproof your retail space, you may not be aware that
unsecured TVs, furniture, and appliances are hidden hazards lurking in every room, especially if they
are on top of a clothing storage unit or other raised surface.
To prevent a p-over tragedy:
9USE STURDY FURNITURE
• Televisions should only be placed on furniture designed to hold a television, such as
television stands or media centers.
9SECURE YOUR TV
• Televisions that are not wall mounted should sll be anchored to the wall.
9MOUNT FLAT-SCREEN TVS
• Mount at-screen TVs to the wall or to furniture using a mount designed for the TV size and
weight to prevent them from toppling over.
9FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS
• Follow the manufacturer’s instrucons to secure TVs and furniture properly.
Creang Safe Retail SpacesCreang Safe Retail Spaces
Page 58 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
9LOW AND STABLE – Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT TV)
• CRT televisions should only be placed on furniture designed to hold a television and should
be anchored to the wall or the TV stand.
9SECURE TOP-HEAVY FURNITURE
• Exisng furniture can be anchored with inexpensive an-p brackets. New furniture, such as
dressers, are sold with an-p devices. Install these devices right away.
9REMOVE TEMPTING OBJECTS
• Remove items that might tempt kids to climb, such as toys and remote controls, from the
top of the TV and furniture.
For more informaon, visit CPSC’s Anchor It! Website: www.anchorit.gov.
Storing Materials
Improperly stored materials can fall and injure workers or customers. The Occupaonal Safety and
Health Administraon (OSHA)
has some useful ps to avoid injuries in your retail space:
9Stack loads evenly and straight.
9Place heavier loads on lower or middle shelves.
9Remove one object at a me from shelves.
9Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair.
9Keep oors clean and free of slip-and-trip hazards.
9Ensure overhead lighng is adequate.
9Ensure loose/unboxed materials that might fall from a pile are properly stacked by blocking,
interlocking, or liming the height of the pile to prevent falling hazards.
9Ensure bags, containers, bundles, etc., are stored in ers that are stacked, blocked, interlocked,
and limited in height so that they are stable and secure to prevent sliding or collapse.
9Ensure storage areas are kept free from accumulaon of materials that could lead to tripping,
re, explosions, or pest infestaons.
9Ensure excessive vegetaon is removed from building entrances, work, or trac areas to
prevent possible trip or fall hazards due to visual obstrucons.
See OSHA’s Pocket Guide to Worker Safety Series, Warehousing: OSHA 3220-10N 2004.
Creang Safe Retail Spaces
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 59
Emergency Plan
Retailers should have an emergency plan that describes what is expected of employees in the event of
an emergency, including:
9provisions for emergency exit locaons and evacuaon procedures;
9procedures for accounng for all employees and visitors;
9locaon and use of re exnguishers and other emergency equipment.
For more informaon, see OSHA regulaon 29 CFR § 1910.39: Fire Prevenon Plans and their
webpage on Fire Safety: www.osha.gov/SLTC/resafety/index.html.
Creang Safe Retail Spaces
Page 60 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV): any motorized, o-highway vehicle designed to travel on 3 or 4 wheels,
having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering control; but does
not include a prototype of a motorized, o-highway, all-terrain vehicle that is intended exclusively for
research and development purposes, unless the vehicle is oered for sale. (16 CFR § 1420.2)
Bassinet: a small bed designed primarily to provide sleeping accommodaons for infants, supported
by freestanding legs, a staonary frame/stand, a wheeled base, a rocking base, or that can swing
relave to a staonary base. While in a rest (non-rocking or swinging) posion, a bassinet/ cradle is
intended to have a sleep surface less than or equal to 10° from horizontal. See cradle. (ASTM F2194-
13)
Bean Bag Chair: an arcle of furniture composed of a fabric, vinyl, leather, or other cover, no internal
support mechanism, and a lling of polymeric or natural material beads. Any seams that are not sewn
shut are closed with a zipper. (ASTM F1912-98 (2009))
Bedside Sleeper: a rigid-frame assembly that may be combined with a fabric or mesh assembly,
or both, used to funcon as sides, ends, or oor or a combinaon thereof, and that is intended to
provide a sleeping environment for infants and is secured to an adult bed. (ASTM F2906-13)
Bicycle Helmet: any headgear that either is marketed as, or implied through markeng or promoon
to be, a device intended to provide protecon from head injuries while riding a bicycle. (16 CFR §
1203.4)
Booster Seat: a juvenile chair, which is placed on an adult chair to elevate a child to standard dining
table height. The booster seat is made for the purpose of containing a child, up to 5 years of age, and
normally for the purposes of feeding or eang. A booster seat may be height-adjustable and include a
reclined posion. (ASTM F2640-18)
Bunk Bed: a bed in which the underside of any foundaon is more than 30 inches (760 mm) from the
oor. (16 CFR § 1513.2)
Carriage: a wheeled vehicle generally used for the transport of an infant who is generally in a lying
down posion. The move power is supplied by a person or persons pushing or pulling on a handle
aached to the vehicle. A carriage may be capable of being folded for storage. (ASTM F833-19)
Changing Product: one of the following: changing table, changing table accessory, add-on changing
unit, or contoured changing pad. (ASTM F2388-18)
• Changing Table: an elevated, freestanding structure generally designed to support and retain
a child with a body weight of up to 30 lb. (13.6 kg) in a horizontal posion for the purpose of
allowing a caregiver to change the child’s diaper.
• Changing Table Accessory: an accessory that aaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert
the product into a changing table, typically having a rigid frame with so fabric or mesh sides
and/or a boom surface.
• Add-On Changing Unit: a rigid addion to, or separate product used in conjuncon with, an
item of furniture that provides barriers to prevent the infant from rolling o the product when a
Appendix A- Glossary
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 61
diaper is being changed.
• Contoured Changing Pad: a changing pad designed for use on an elevated surface that
incorporates barriers to prevent a child from rolling o the changing surface
Children’s Folding Chair: a children’s chair that can be folded for transport or storage. A Children’s
Chair is a piece of seang furniture with a rigid frame that is intended to be used as a support for the
body, limbs, or feet of a child when sing or resng in an upright or reclining posion. (ASTM F2613-
17a)
Children’s Folding Stool: a children’s stool that can be folded for transport or storage. A children’s
stool is a children’s chair without back or armrests. (ASTM F2613-17a)
Clothing Storage Unit: a furniture item with drawers and/or hinged doors intended for the storage of
clothing typical with bedroom furniture. (ASTM F2057-19)
Cradle: a small bed designed primarily to provide sleeping accommodaons for infants, supported
by freestanding legs, a staonary frame/stand, a wheeled base, a rocking base, or which can swing
relave to a staonary base. While in a rest (non-rocking or swinging) posion, a bassinet/cradle
is intended to have a sleep surface less than or equal to 10° from horizontal. See bassinet. (ASTM
F2194-13)
Crib (Full-Size): a bed that is designed to provide sleeping accommodaons for an infant that is
intended for use in the home and is within a range of 28 ± 5/8 inches (71 ± 1.6 cenmeters) in width x
52 3/8 ± 5/8 inches (133 ± 1.6 cenmeters) in length. (ASTM F1169-19)
Crib (Non-Full-Size): a crib that (1) is intended for use in or around the home, for travel and other
purposes; and (2) has an interior length dimension either greater than 55 in. (139.7 cm) or smaller
than 49 3⁄4 in. (126.3 cm), or an interior width dimension greater than 30 5⁄8 in. (77.7 cm) or smaller
than 25 3⁄8 in. (64.3 cm), or both. (ASTM F406-19)
Expandable Enclosure: a self-supporng barrier intended to completely surround an area or play-
space within which a young child may be conned. (ASTM F1004-19)
Expansion Gate: a barrier intended to be erected in an opening, such as a doorway, to prevent the
passage of young children, but that can be removed by older persons who are able to operate the
locking mechanism. (ASTM F1004-19)
Frame Child Carrier: a product, normally of sewn fabric construcon on a tubular metal or other
frame, which is designed to carry a child, in an upright posion, on the back of the caregiver. (ASTM
F2549-14a)
Go Kart: a motorized vehicle with four wheels, excluding vehicles that the operator, and passenger, if
any, sit astride, sold commercially as consumer goods, and intended for private personal recreaonal
use by consumers for o-road use on suitable terrain, as recommended by the manufacturer, at
maximum speeds over 12 mph (19.3 km/h), but not exceeding 40 mph (64.4 km/h). (ASTM F2011-02
(2010))
Appendix A- Glossary
Page 62 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Golf Car: a vehicle used to convey a person or persons and equipment to play the game of golf in an
area designated as a golf course. (ANSI/ILTVA Z130.1 (2012))
Hair Dryer: an electrical appliance, intended to be held with one hand during use, which creates a
ow of air over or through a self-contained heang element for the purpose of drying hair. (UL 1727)
Hand-Held Infant Carrier (Car Seat/Carrier Combinaon): —a freestanding, rigid-sided product
intended to carry an occupant whose torso is completely supported by the product to facilitate
transportaon by a caregiver by means of hand-holds or handles. (ASTM F2050-13a)
High Chair: a freestanding chair for a child up to 3 years of age that has a seang surface more than
15 in. above the oor and elevates the child normally for the purposes of feeding or eang. (ASTM
F404-18)
Hoverboard: a self-balancing scooter; A consumer mobility device with a rechargeable electric
drive train that the rider balances on while in moon, and which may be provided with a handle for
grasping while riding. (UL 2272)
Infant Bath Seat: an arcle that is used in a bath tub, sink, or similar bathing enclosure and that
provides support, at a minimum, to the front and back of a seated infant during bathing by a
caregiver. This does not include products that are designed or intended to retain water for bathing.
(ASTM F1967-19)
Infant Bath Tub: a tub, enclosure, or other similar product intended to hold water and be placed into
an adult bath tub, sink, or on top of other surfaces to provide support or containment, or both, for an
infant in a reclining, sing, or standing posion during bathing by a caregiver. (ASTM F2670-18)
Infant Bouncer Seat: a freestanding product intended to support an occupant in a reclined posion
to facilitate bouncing by the occupant, with the aid of a caregiver or by other means. Intended
occupants are infants who have not developed the ability to sit up unassisted (approximately 0 to 6
months of age). (ASTM F2167-19)
Infant Sleep Products: products that provide sleeping accommodaons for infants and are not
currently covered by bassinets/cradles, cribs (full-size and non-full size), play yards, and bedside
sleepers, as a durable infant or toddler product under secon 104(f) of the CPSIA. (84 FR 60949)
Infant Swing: a staonary unit with a frame and powered mechanism that enables an infant to swing
in a seated posion. An infant swing is intended for use with infants from birth unl a child is able to
sit up unassisted. (ASTM F2088-20)
Infant Walker: a mobile unit that enables a child to move on a horizontal surface when propelled by
the child sing or standing within the walker, and that is in the manufacturer’s recommended use
posion. (ASTM F977-12)
Maress: a resilient material or combinaon of materials enclosed by a cking (used alone or in
combinaon with other products) intended or promoted for sleeping upon. This includes maresses
that have undergone renovaon. (16 CFR § 1633.2)
Appendix A- Glossary
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 63
Mulpurpose O-Highway Ulity Vehicle (MOHUV): a MOHUV has features specically intended for
ulity use and has the following characteriscs:
• intended to transport a person(s) and/or cargo, with a top speed in excess of 25 mph (40.2
km/h);
• 2030 mm (80 in) or less in overall width;
• designed to travel on four or more wheels, two or four tracks, or combinaons of four or more
tracks and wheels;
• using a steering wheel for steering control;
• a non-straddle seat;
• a Gross Vehicle Weight Rang of no more than 1814 kg (4000 lb.), and
• a minimum cargo capacity of 159 kg (350 lb.).
(ANSI/OPEI B71.9-2016)
Play Yard: a framed enclosure that includes a oor and has mesh or fabric sided panels primarily
intended to provide a play or sleeping environment for children. It may fold for storage or travel.
(ASTM F406-19)
Portable Bed Rail: a portable railing installed on the side of an adult bed and/or on the maress
surface intended to keep a child from falling out of bed. (ASTM F2085-12)
Portable Hook-On Chair: a legless seat constructed to locate the occupant at a table in such a
posion and elevaon so that the surface of the table can be used as the feeding surface for the
occupant and is supported solely by the table on which it is mounted. The ASTM Standard F1235-18
species the appropriate ages and weights for children using portable hook-on chairs as between the
ages of six months and three years and who weigh no more than 37 lb. (16.8 kg.)” (ASTM F1235-18)
Recreaonal O-Highway Vehicle (ROV): a motorized o-highway vehicle designed to travel on four
or more res, intended by the manufacturer for recreaonal use by one or more persons and having
the following characteriscs:
• A steering wheel for steering control
• Foot controls for throle and service brake
• Non-straddle seang
• Maximum speed capability greater than 30 MPH (48 km/h)
• Gross Vehicle Weight Rang (GVWR) no greater than 1700 kg (3750 lbs.)
• Less than 2030 mm (80 in) in overall width, exclusive of accessories
• Engine displacement equal to or less than 1,000cc (61cubic inch) for gasoline fueled engines
Appendix A- Glossary
Page 64 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
• Idencaon by means of a 17 character PIN or VIN.
(ANSI ROHVA 1-2016)
Refurbish: to repair a product to its original state for resale using new component parts. Refurbished
products are normally tested for funconality and defects before they are sold.
Ride-on Lawn Mower: a self-propelled ride-on machine that is generally designed for cung grass.
(ANSI B71.1-2003)
Sling Carrier: a product of fabric or sewn fabric construcon, which is designed to contain up to two
(2) children in an upright or reclined posion while being supported by the caregiver’s torso. Sling
carriers are normally used from full-term birth to 35 lb. (15.9 kg), unless the manufacturer indicates
that a higher weight limit is allowed. (ASTM F2907-19)
So Infant and Toddler Carrier: a product, normally of sewn fabric construcon, which is designed
to contain a full term infant to a toddler, generally in an upright posion, in close proximity to the
caregiver. In general, the child will weigh between 7 and 45 lb. (3.2 and 22 kg). The so infant
and toddler carrier is normally “worn” by the caregiver with a child posioned in the carrier and
the weight of the child and carrier suspended from one or both shoulders of the caregiver. These
products may be worn on the front, side, or back of the caregiver’s body with the infant either facing
towards or away from the caregiver. This consumer safety specicaon does not include products
generally referred to as “slings.” (ASTM F2236-14)
Staonary Acvity Center: a freestanding product intended to remain staonary that enables a
sing or standing occupant whose torso is completely surrounded by the product to walk, rock, play,
spin or bounce, or all of these, within a limited range of moon. (ASTM F2012-18
ε1
)
Stroller: a wheeled vehicle for the transport of infants or children generally in a sing-up or semi-
reclined posion. The move power is supplied by a person moving at a walking rate while pushing
on a handle aached to the stroller. A stroller generally is capable of being folded for storage. Strollers
normally are used for children from infancy to 36 months of age. (ASTM F833-19)
Toddler Bed: any bed sized to accommodate a full-size crib maress having minimum dimensions of
515⁄8 in. (1310 mm) in length and 271⁄4 in. (690 mm) in width and is intended to provide free access
and egress to a child not less than 15 months of age and who weighs no more than 50 pounds (27.7
kg). (ASTM F1821-19)
Toy: a consumer product designed or intended by the manufacturer for a child under 12 years of age
for use by the child when the child plays. For more info on toys: www.cpsc.gov/toysafety
Upcycling: the process of using by-products, waste materials, or unwanted products as component
parts of a new product.
Wearing Apparel: any costume or arcle of clothing worn or intended to be worn by individuals. Note
that items such as scarves, underwear, diapers, and bibs are considered wearing apparel. (16 CFR §
1609.1)
Appendix A- Glossary
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 65
Look for these warning labels before accepng any durable infant or toddler product for sale or
donaon.
Product
Area
Label Image Proper Locaon of
Label
Bassinets
and Cradles
Conspicuous
Any product where the bassinet bed is removable from the
base/stand without the use of tools and that contains a lock/
latch mechanism that secures the bassinet bed to the base/
stand:
Conspicuous
Conspicuous or visible
when the pad is
removed
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler ProductsAppendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 66 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Bedside
Sleepers
Bassinet warnings plus:
Retail packaging
The manufacturer shall provide informaon on the types
of adult beds with which the bedside sleeper CANNOT be
used. Graphics shall be used showing an unacceptable bed
conguraon with the maress, box springs not in line with
the frame (such as some plaorm beds) and conversely an
acceptable bed conguraon with the maress, box springs
and frame all in line.
On product
A label shall be located on the product as close to the
aachment point as possible and shall address that the
aachment system must always be used in bedside sleeper
mode (manufacturer shall insert a visual cue graphic here
specic to their product).
As close to aachment
point as possible
Clear instrucons for proper assembly and use of the
aachment system, including graphics, shall be printed on
a permanent label aached to the maress base or on the
product base.
On product base
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 67
Bedside
Sleepers
On product
Booster
Seats
Conspicuous
Retail packaging
Each retail package shall address either in text or as a
diagram or both, the following dimensions of an adult chair
that the booster seat shall be aached to.
• Minimum seat width and depth.
• Minimum backrest height, if the booster seat requires
aachment to the backrest of the adult chair.
• If the booster seat is supported on the top of the
backrest, both minimum and maximum backrest height,
and minimum backrest width.
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 68 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Carriages
and
Strollers
Conspicuous
A product manufactured with a restraint system:
Visible whenever a
child is placed in the
product.
Products with reclined carriage posion(s):
This warning is not required on units that do not have
openings or that automacally reduce the size of all
openings.
Products with a removable-wheel fork assembly:
On the front wheel
fork- remains visible
aer complete
assembly
Three wheeled strollers that contain a locking front swivel
wheel (such as a jogging stroller), and are intended by the
manufacturer to be used for running, jogging, or walking fast:
Visible as person is
pushing the unit.
The retail product package, if provided, shall state the
maximum weight of the intended user.
Retail packaging
Any product with a tray/grab bar with a removable protecve
covering:
On foam bar
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 69
Changing
Products
Changing tables:
Conspicuous
Changing table accessories and contoured changing pads:
Add-on changing units:
Changing products sold seperately from a changing table and
designed to be aached to furniture:
Children’s
Chairs and
Stools
Visible in enrety
when product is
in manufacturer’s
recommended use
posion
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 70 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Cribs (Full-
Size)
OR
Inside of a side or end
assembly or on top
surface of maress
support
Visible in enrety when
one short side and one
long side of crib are
posioned in a corner
formed by two vercal
walls.
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 71
Cribs (Full-
Size)
Visible in enrety when
one short side and one
long side of crib are
posioned in a corner
formed by two vercal
walls.
Axed to either end
assembly or maress
support, visible in
enrety when crib
maress is removed
Cribs equipped with teething rails:
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 72 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Cribs (Non
Full-Size) /
Play Yards
Accessories intended to be used with play yard/non-full size
crib occupied:
On accessory
Accessories intended to be removed when play yard/non-full
size crib is occupied:
Mesh products that are designed with drop top rails:
Either inside of top
rail on opposite sides
of product, or on two
opposite saddle covers.
All products:
Along top rail on
opposite sides of
product.
All products:
Conspicuous
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 73
Cribs (Non
Full-Size) /
Play Yards
All products:
Conspicuous
All products:
Products with removable top rails:
Non full-sized cribs that have a separate maress that is not
permanently xed in place:
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 74 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Cribs (Non
Full-Size) /
Play Yards
Play yards that have a separate maress that is not
permanently xed in place:
Conspicuous
Nonrectangular cribs (The statement in parentheses applies
only to rigid sided products):
Products equipped with teething rails:
Gates and
Enclosures
On vercal surface on
side with the locking
mechanism
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 75
Frame Child
Carriers
Conspicuous
Hand-Held
Infant
Carriers
(Including
Car Seat/
Carrier
Combined)
Conspicuous
Carriers intended for use as infant restraint devices in motor
vehicles:
Outer surface of
cushion, or padding
in or adjacent to area
where child’s head
would rest.
Carriers not intended for use in a motor vehicle:
Conspicuous
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 76 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
High Chairs
Visible to caregiver
while placing occupant
into product in each
of the manufacturer’s
recommended use
posions
Infant Bath
Seats
Conspicuous
Infant Bath
Tubs
Conspicuous
Conspicuous
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 77
Infant
Bouncer
Seats
Front surface of the
infant bouncer seat
back
Conspicuous
Infant Sleep
Products
Conspicuous
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 78 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Infant
Swings
Conspicuous
Travel Swings:
Products having an adjustable seat recline with a maximum
seat back angle greater than 50° from horizontal:
Cradle Swings and/or Combinaon Swings:
Conspicuous
Swings that are powered by a wind-up spring mechanism:
Swings that use more than one baery in one circuit:
In or immediately
adjacent to baery
compartment
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 79
Infant
Walkers
• The statement “even when using parking brake” applies
only to walkers equipped with a parking brake.
Visible to consumer
when placing child in
walker
Walkers equipped with a parking brake:
Visible to consumer
when placing child in
walker
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 80 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Portable
Bed Rails
Conspicuous
Manufacturers’ specic bed rails:
On at least one
installaon component
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 81
Portable
Hook-On
Chairs
Conspicuous
Sling
Carriers
Conspicuous
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Page 82 www.cpsc.gov Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products
Sling
Carriers
Conspicuous
So
Infant and
Toddler
Carriers
Visible to caregiver
when occupant is
placed in carrier, or
when caregiver places
product on his or her
body
Staonary
Acvity
Centers
Conspicuous
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
Resellers Guide to Selling Safer Products www.cpsc.gov Page 83
Toddler
Beds
On primary display
panel of retail package
containing the bed
The minimum age and maximum weight of the intended user
shall be addressed. The minimum age shall not be less than
15 months, the maximum weight shall not be greater than 50
lb. (22.7 kg).
Visible in its enrety
when the maress is
removed
Appendix B- Warning Labels for Durable Infant or Toddler Products
