berm became 2 feet higher with a ridge over 100 feet wide created from beachface sand pushed up on top of the
back berm region of the beach. At the 15
th
Avenue site in North Wildwood another signature result from Sandy
appeared with the deposition of a sand ramp deposited up the seaward slope of the primary dune. It appears that
when the dry beach is deeply flooded by a storm surge, the waves break on the submerged beachface slope,
excavating abundant sand that the broken wave bores transport across the berm, and deposit it where they run
up the dune slope. If the waves do not breach the dunes, they deposit beach sand as a ramp at the seaward toe
of the dune. Where a hard structure presents an effective wave barrier, this ramp was likewise deposited and in
some cases effectively enabled the waves to run-up and over the hard structure. The example of this was seen
at the Sea Bright seawall in Monmouth County.
Avalon & Stone Harbor;
These two communities have been leaders in shore protection by having successfully managed to have Federal
shore protection projects constructed and have for years, promoted wider, higher dunes with coordinated
development of pedestrian access pathways that do not make a breach easier at street end access points. No
instance of dune breaching occurred in either Borough; no waves washed sand into streets or under homes.
Dune erosion did occur, but in some cases, the extraordinary width of the dune area allowed Sandy’s wave
energy to be absorbed within the swales and vegetation of the foredunes arrayed along the mid-section of the
barrier island. Elsewhere a wide, relatively high primary dune blocked wave over-topping by just enough to be
successful. A major hard structure improvement to the Townsend’s Inlet shoreline in Avalon paid dividends by
reducing the damage from Sandy to considerably less that was incurred during the December 1992 northeast
storm. The worst wave damage occurred to the highway leading to the Townsend’s Inlet draw bridge to Sea
Isle City.
Sea Isle City & Strathmere;
A 2009 NJ State and locally sponsored shore protection project saved these two communities substantial
damage expense as well. Previous storms of far less intensity had made a shambles out of the Commonwealth
Avenue highway leading through northern Sea Isle City into Strathmere. Sandy produced minor breaching and
over-topping, but not nearly the extent of overwash seen previously (1998 for example). There were instances
of dune breaching in Sea Isle City, extensive tidal flooding, but no catastrophic structural damage. The project
protected Strathmere only allowing a couple of minor instances of waves cresting the dunes. The Corson’s Inlet
shoreline, a crisis situation in 2008, was un-damaged in spite of being flooded by tidal surge.
Ocean City;
The shore protection was a Federal project (Great Egg Inlet to 34
th
Street) and a local/State partnership (34
th
Street to the Corson’s Inlet State Park). Two decades of sand redistribution produced results ranging from
fantastic through fair to poor. The mid-section of the island had vegetation covering 450 feet of dunes before
reaching the dry beach. These areas saw absolutely no wave damage with the storm’s energy totally absorbed
within the foredune region lying seaward of the primary dune. This was a welcome change from the October
1991 northeast storm where just the boardwalk suffered $4 million in damage in the 15
th
to 20
th
Street region.
There has been no damage to this structure since (the initial fill was completed in the summer of 1992 and
resulted in no damage in December of 1992 when a worse event than 1991 hit Ocean City).
To the north the recently maintained Federal project had a narrow beach between a dune system and the direct
frontal assault of the northeast waves during Sandy. With little or no beach to break on, and roll across, the
waves pounded with full fury on the dunes immediately. Eroding at rates up to 12 feet horizontally per hour,
many sections lost the protection the dune afforded. Sand was washed into the streets; storm surge flooding
was made worse by every wave crossing into the city. Structural damage occurred, but not at catastrophic
levels. At the southern end of development, the beach had not been maintained as frequently and there was