Marine Corps Planning Process
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Specified tasks derive primarily from the execution paragraphs of the HHQ OPORD, but they
may be found elsewhere, such as in the mission statement, coordinating instructions, annexes,
and FRAGOs. Specified tasks may also derive from verbal instructions from the commander
or the HHQ commander. Planners should identify and record any specified task that pertains
to any element of the unit. As a general rule, each specified task will quote the stated task and
cite the source (e.g., specific paragraph of the HHQ OPORD).
Planners infer implied tasks which are necessary to accomplish specified tasks. Implied tasks
are those most challenging to identify. They entail those actions required within the context of
the mission but are neither stated nor part of a SOP or routine continuing action. Planners
discover them through an inductive process of rigorous analysis of all specified tasks,
commander’s guidance, assumptions, COG analysis, doctrine, case studies, intelligence
preparation of the battlespace (IPB) products, and the experience or expertise of subject matter
experts (SMEs), partners, allies, and other relevant human resources. A good example is global
integration that necessitates considering tasks that may not be accomplished with organic
forces with existing authorities. Similar to requesting joint sorties for additonal capacity,
unique capabilities, or shaping areas beyond the MAGTF area of operations, commanders will
need to coordinate for expanded information capabilities to the force or support from external
forces with necessary authorities and or capabilities.
Essential tasks are the specified or implied tasks that a force must perform in order to
accomplish their mission. Typically the mission statement, developed later in problem framing,
includes all essential tasks. However, a commander may consider listing a single essential task
to promote a focused effort toward the most decisive action. Otherwise, a mission statement
that contains a sequenced list of essential tasks could start to look a lot like a CONOPS, thus
putting focus at risk.
Center of Gravity Analysis
However conducted, COG analysis is a means to focus the commander and staff on what is most
important—during a particular time or event—among all the variables and factors that can
influence the conduct of operations.
Relative Combat Power Assessment
Relative combat power assessment (RCPA), which includes emerging capabilities never
considered before—such as cyberspace units—provides planners with an understanding of
friendly and enemy forces’ strengths and weaknesses relative to each other. To assess relative
combat power, planners generally analyze force ratios two levels below the planning unit. For
example, division planners will compare numbers, readiness, etc. of friendly and enemy battalions
(infantry, artillery, etc.). The RCPA provides insight on the types of operations possible for
friendly and enemy forces, weaknesses, and additional resources that may be required.
While force ratios may be important, the numerical comparison of personnel and major end items
is one factor among many, such as leadership, morale, equipment maintenance, training levels,