Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
The Vermont Criminal Justice Training
Council recommended training handout
for Firearms Instructors who are
qualifying retired law enforcement
officers under the Law Enforcement
Officers Safety Act
The Vermont Criminal Justice Training Council, under recommendation
of the Use of Force Committee, has assembled this training handout for
the convenience of Firearms Instructors who are conducting firearms
qualifications under the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act to help
the people they are qualifying understand what this privilege entails. It is
by no means to be construed as all encompassing nor is it legal advice.
It is based on research conducted on the topic through internet searches
and common teaching practices in the Vermont Law Enforcement
community as it relates to the application of deadly force. This handout
is broken into three sections. The first states the actual text from Federal
law as it relates to retired officers under LEOSA. The second section is
an FAQ pages from the LEOSA branch at the National Rifle Association
(le.nra.org/leosa) and the third is a discussion on the use
of deadly force
as it relates to the LEOSA armed retired officer.
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
The Federal statute which governs the authority for a retired
law enforcement officer to carry a concealed firearm under
the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act:
§ 926C. Carrying of concealed firearms by qualified retired law enforcement
officers
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the law of any State or any political
subdivision thereof, an individual who is a qualified retired law enforcement
officer and who is carrying the identification required by subsection (d) may carry
a concealed firearm that has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign
commerce, subject to subsection (b).
(b) This section shall not be construed to supersede or limit the laws of any State
that--
(1) permit private persons or entities to prohibit or restrict the possession of
concealed firearms on their property; or
(2) prohibit or restrict the possession of firearms on any State or local government
property, installation, building, base, or park.
(c) As used in this section, the term "qualified retired law enforcement officer"
means an individual who--
(1) separated from service in good standing from service with a public agency as a
law enforcement officer;
(2) before such separation, was authorized by law to engage in or supervise the
prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of, or the incarceration of any
person for, any violation of law, and had statutory powers of arrest or
apprehension under section 807(b) of title 10, United States Code (article 7(b) of
the Uniform Code of Military Justice);
(3)(A) before such separation, served as a law enforcement officer for an aggregate
of 10 years or more; or
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
(B) separated from service with such agency, after completing any applicable
probationary period of such service, due to a service-connected disability, as
determined by such agency;
(4) during the most recent 12-month period, has met, at the expense of the
individual, the standards for qualification in firearms training for active law
enforcement officers, as determined by the former agency of the individual, the
State in which the individual resides or, if the State has not established such
standards, either a law enforcement agency within the State in which the individual
resides or the standards used by a certified firearms instructor that is qualified to
conduct a firearms qualification test for active duty officers within that State;
(5)(A) has not been officially found by a qualified medical professional employed
by the agency to be unqualified for reasons relating to mental health and as a result
of this finding will not be issued the photographic identification as described in
subsection (d)(1); or
(B) has not entered into an agreement with the agency from which the individual is
separating from service in which that individual acknowledges he or she is not
qualified under this section for reasons relating to mental health and for those
reasons will not receive or accept the photographic identification as described in
subsection (d)(1);
(6) is not under the influence of alcohol or another intoxicating or hallucinatory
drug or substance; and
(7) is not prohibited by Federal law from receiving a firearm.
(d) The identification required by this subsection is--
(1) a photographic identification issued by the agency from which the individual
separated from service as a law enforcement officer that identifies the person as
having been employed as a police officer or law enforcement officer and indicates
that the individual has, not less recently than one year before the date the
individual is carrying the concealed firearm, been tested or otherwise found by the
agency to meet the active duty standards for qualification in firearms training as
established by the agency to carry a firearm of the same type as the concealed
firearm; or
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
(2)(A) a photographic identification issued by the agency from which the
individual separated from service as a law enforcement officer that indicates the
person as having been employed as a police officer or law enforcement officer; and
(B) a certification issued by the State in which the individual resides or by a
certified firearms instructor that is qualified to conduct a firearms qualification test
for active duty officers within that State that indicates that the individual has, not
less than 1 year before the date the individual is carrying the concealed firearm,
been tested or otherwise found by the State or a certified firearms instructor that is
qualified to conduct a firearms qualification test for active duty officers within that
State to have met--
(I) the active duty standards for qualification in firearms training, as established by
the State, to carry a firearm of the same type as the concealed firearm; or
(II) if the State has not established such standards, standards set by any law
enforcement agency within that State to carry a firearm of the same type as the
concealed firearm.
(e) As used in this section--
(1) the term "firearm"--
(A) except as provided in this paragraph, has the same meaning as in section 921
of this title;
(B) includes ammunition not expressly prohibited by Federal law or subject to the
provisions of the National Firearms Act; and
(C) does not include--
(i) any machinegun (as defined in section 5845 of the National Firearms Act);
(ii) any firearm silencer (as defined in section 921 of this title); and
(iii) any destructive device (as defined in section 921 of this title); and
(2) the term 'service with a public agency as a law enforcement officer' includes
service as a law enforcement officer of the Amtrak Police Department, service as a
law enforcement officer of the Federal Reserve, or service as a law enforcement or
police officer of the executive branch of the Federal Government.
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
The following is a copy of the text from the National Rifle
Association frequently asked question page of their LEOSA website
which contains a large amount of information regarding the rights
of retired and active law enforcement officers. More information
can be found by visiting their website at http://le.nra.org/leosa
FAQ on the amendments to the Law Enforcement
Officers Safety Act
1. Does the agency who qualifies me need to make a record
of the make, model, caliber, or serial number of the firearm I
qualify with?
No. LEOSA does not require the agency to maintain this information.
This is a frequent concern given the statute's use of the term "type of
firearm." LEOSA authorizes the carrying of a "concealed firearm" of the
same "type" the individual receives certification for. As there is no case
law interpreting this wording, the word "type" should be read to conform
with the dictionary definition; something distinguishable as a variety.
Accordingly, "type" of firearm should be read to mean either long gun or
hand gun, which would permit you to carry any type of legal long gun or
hand gun based on your qualification and not one particular make,
model, or caliber. As an action outside of LEOSA requirements, the
creation and maintenance of a database may expose the agency to
liability, as discussed below.
2. The agency who qualifies me wants me to shoot their
uniformed officer course of fire, rather than an off-duty or
back-up course of fire. What does the law require?
The law is not clear, and only requires an individual to meet the active
duty standards for qualification. An individual exercising their rights
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
under LEOSA is not provided with the authority to act as a law
enforcement officer, and is simply authorized to carry a concealed
firearm based on their status. Accordingly, it would be advisable for
agencies to use the off-duty or back-up course of fire. Mandating the use
of uniformed standards requires an individual to meet standards
designed for law enforcement purposes, while an individual carrying a
firearm under LEOSA is not acting as a law enforcement officer, as they
are either retired, or out of their jurisdiction.
3. Do I have to prove each year that I am still eligible to
qualify by submitting to a background check, or is the
identification card I was provided at separation sufficient?
No. The identification card is sufficient. As addressed below, some
departments are now requiring background checks before issuing
identification cards. Such unwarranted overregulation exposes that
department to liability. The statute does not require a background check,
and when issuing an identification card the agency is only providing
certification with regard to one's past employment status; a statement of
fact. Any department that requires a background check is creating more
than just a statement of one's employment status, which may expose the
requesting agency to liability.
4. Does the agency I retired from, or the agency that qualifies
me, have any liability or concerns for qualifying me?
No, LEOSA places the liability on the individual; however, many
agencies are trying to impose unjustified requirements before issuing
identification cards or training certification, such as background checks.
Identification cards are simply a statement of fact by the agency that the
individual is either an active duty or retired law enforcement officer.
Requiring additional information to obtain an identification card makes
it something more, and by doing so exposes the agency to liability. The
same is true for agencies which perform the firearms qualification
certification. Any additional procedures required by the agency other
then simply meeting their active duty standards creates a situation where
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
the agency is certifying more then the statute requires, and in some
cases, the uniformed standards qualification course/test may be seen as
providing training in the use of a firearm in a law enforcement role,
which may expose them to liability. Remember, LEOSA is a program
for CIVILIANS who used to be cops, or cops out of their jurisdiction.
LEOSA should be administered like driver's licenses issued by your
state; you are just certifying that a standard was met. Your state does the
same with a driver's license, showing you met their standard. If you are
in a wreck while driving, your state motor vehicle department isn't liable
for your actions because you have their driver's license.
5. The department I retired from will not give me retirement
credentials, what can I do?
This is a question we are encountering far too frequently, and regrettably
there is no clear guidance that can be provided. LEOSA does not bestow
either an explicit right to obtain the required identification or a federal
remedy for a state agency's failure to issue one. Such refusal is foolish
policy but it is a political issue, not a legal one.
6. I am active duty or retired military/DoD police. Does
LEOSA apply to me?
Yes. On January 2nd, 2013 LEOSA was amended to specifically allow
for active and "retired" (as defined by LEOSA) military and DoD police
and law enforcement officers with UCMJ apprehension authority to
qualify for the statute; however, a standard CAC or blue retiree card will
not work for LEOSA purposes as the photographic ID must identify the
individual as either being actively or having once been employed as a
police or law enforcement officer of the agency. The DoD's LEOSA
policy, DODI 5525.12 (included as a link on our LEOSA homepage)
was recently amended to address this issue.
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
7. I have a Concealed Carry Permit/License issued by my
state. I am also active/retired law enforcement. Am I allowed
to carry in all states?
No. A state issued concealed carry permit or license is entirely different
from the ability to carry a concealed weapon under LEOSA and has no
relation to your service as a law enforcement officer. Your state's permit
may qualify for reciprocity with other states, but it does not qualify you
to carry in all states. Check with the State Police or the State's Attorney
General's Office before carrying a concealed firearm in any state
exercising reciprocity with the state of your permit/license, as laws
change frequently and a state which previously recognized your permit
may have changed its law.
8. I left my agency after serving 11 years and did not retire.
Do I qualify for LEOSA?
Yes. LEOSA previously required retirement after an aggregate of 15
years service as a law enforcement officer. The October, 2010
amendments to the statute changed the requirement for a qualified law
enforcement officer to an individual that separated (not necessarily
retired) from service as a law enforcement officer after serving an
aggregate of 10 years or more. For medical separation/retirement, see
below.
9. I completed my probationary period as a law enforcement
officer, but was injured shortly thereafter and separated from
the agency due to a service-connected disability. Do I qualify
under LEOSA?
Yes, if your agency determined that you had a service-connected
disability and you were separated after completing any applicable
probationary period. You must also meet the additional requirements
contained in the statute.
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
10. I served three years at one agency and seven at another
before separating. Do I qualify under LEOSA?
Yes. As long as your service at both agencies meets the requirements
contained within the statute, you will have served an aggregate of 10
years and are considered a qualified retired law enforcement officer
under the statute. The problem for you will be obtaining a retired
identification card, as your current agency will likely require proof of
service from your first agency which they may or may not recognize.
See question 4 above regarding the issuance of identification.
11. My agency will not provide me with the required firearm
certification. What can I do?
You do not need to obtain the certification from your agency. Often, it is
far easier to obtain the certification from another agency in the state or a
qualified firearms instructor. LEOSA requires that you have, not less
than one year before the date you are carrying a concealed firearm, been
tested or otherwise found by the state or a certified firearms instructor
that is qualified to conduct a firearms qualification test for active duty
officers within that state to have met the active duty standards for
qualification in firearms training, as established by the state, to carry a
firearm of the same type as the concealed firearm. If your state has not
established standards, standards set by any law enforcement agency
within your state to carry a firearm of the same type as the concealed
firearm may be used. For "type," see question #1 above.
12. I meet all of the requirements contained in the statute, but
I am a reserve officer. Do I qualify?
There are two sections of LEOSA which provide for the ability of
Qualified Law Enforcement Officers and Qualified Retired Law
Enforcement Officers to carry a concealed weapon in all 50 states. The
first section deals with current law enforcement officers, and the second
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
deals with retirees. Neither section draws a distinction between active
duty and reserve officers. In October of this year, the language for the
"retired" section was changed to allow for individuals that meet all of
the requirements of the statute and who separated after 10 years of
aggregate service as a law enforcement officer (or who separated after
any applicable probationary period due to a service-connected disability,
as determined by the agency) but who did not formally "retire" to be
"qualified retired law enforcement officers" under the statute.
Accordingly, as long as an individual meets all of the requirements of
the statute it makes no difference if they are active or reserve, and they
would be qualified to carry under LEOSA.
Questions can be directed to ILALEGAL@nrahq.org.
Application of Deadly Force as it applies to the officer
carrying a firearm under LEOSA
When a law enforcement officer, whether they are retired or not, makes
the decision to carry a firearm under this act outside of his or her own or
former jurisdiction, it is very important that they the individual
thoroughly understand that the LEOSA act does not offer them any type
of law enforcement authority. It is therefore very important to
remember that the rules that applied to you in regards to deadly force to
not necessarily apply to you in your civilian role in another jurisdiction.
This law was designed for the sole purpose of affording the current or
retired law enforcement officer the opportunity to protect him or herself,
or another person, from the imminent threat of death or serious bodily
injury when they are away from their home state. There are many states
still in the United States that have what is commonly referred to as a
“duty to retreat” statute, and some that have a law referred to as a “stand
your ground” law. It is incumbent upon the law enforcement officer
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
who carries a firearm in another jurisdiction to know the laws the state in
which they choose to carry a firearm.
At its most basic form, the “duty to retreat” statute states that a person
who is threatened with serious bodily injury or death may only use
deadly force against an attacker as a last resort. Essentially, the person
defending themselves must have used all options available to them to
avoid the conflict, including but not limited to retreat, before using
deadly force. Some states further require that the person who is
defending themselves is “lawfully present” as a citizen. In other words,
if you break into another person’s home and shoot the homeowner as a
last resort when he attacks you, this law would not protect you. As of
the writing of this article in January, 2015, the states that currently have
“duty to retreat” laws on their books are: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Ohio, Wisconsin, Hawaii and Wyoming. Remember! This is not an all
inclusive list and is subject to change at any time, and is therefore very
important for the LEOSA armed officer to KNOW the laws in the
state(s) they intend to carry a firearm in BEFORE they go there.
In contrast to the “duty to retreat” law is the “stand your ground” law.
In the states that follow this philosophy of self defense, the law is simply
the opposite of the “duty to retreat” law, and is likely something as
simple as indicating that a person does not have a duty to retreat from
the threat of serious bodily injury or death, but may meet and overcome
that threat with deadly force without resorting to other options. This is
the principal that we as law enforcement officers are accustomed to
conditioning our minds to respond to a threat. Interestingly, in most of
these states the application of this law is an immunity to prosecution and
not an affirmative defense, meaning that if you act within the scope of
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
this law you will not be charged with a crime if you use deadly force to
defend yourself. Currently, the states which have “stand your ground”
laws on their books are: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia,
Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana,
Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania,
South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah and West
Virginia. Again, it is very important to remember that this list is what
was found for January, 2015, but is of course subject to change.
Individual officers still need to check the laws and regulations in the
jurisdictions which they visit.
You will probably notice that there are several states missing from the
two lists above, including our own state of Vermont. Vermont allows
the use of deadly force by an individual under title 13, section 2305,
which specifically states that:
If a person kills or wounds another under any of the
circumstances enumerated below, he or she shall be guiltless:
(1) In the just and necessary defense of his or her own life or the life of
his or her husband, wife, parent, child, brother, sister, master, mistress,
servant, guardian or ward; or
(2) In the suppression of a person attempting to commit murder, sexual
assault, aggravated sexual assault, burglary or robbery, with force or
violence; or
(3) In the case of a civil officer; or a military officer or private soldier
when lawfully called out to suppress riot or rebellion, or to prevent or
suppress invasion, or to assist in serving legal process, in suppressing
opposition against him or her in the just and necessary discharge of his
or her duty. (Amended 1983, No. 23, § 2.)
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
The aforementioned paragraph is the State of Vermont’s justifiable
homicide statute. It neither requires an individual to retreat, nor does the
law specifically allow someone to “stand their ground”. In a case where
an individual (whether they be a law enforcement officer or not) uses
deadly force against an individual, the prosecuting attorney will balance
the facts of the case against this statute when making a determination as
to whether charges should be filed or not. There is no immunity clause
within this statute. Furthermore, if a person does use deadly force
against another and is charged with a crime, it is up to the prosecutor to
prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant “did not act in self
defense, or that the force used…was excessive under the circumstances.”
This quote comes directly from the jury instructions that will be read by
the judge when retiring a jury for deliberations in a homicide case which
is being contested as justified. A copy of these jury instructions is
attached to this pamphlet. The jury instructions also require the
defendant had a reasonable belief that he or she was in imminent danger
of being killed or suffering great bodily harm when they decided to use
deadly force. It is important to note that these instructions also include a
clause which states, “Furthermore, if he [or] she honestly and reasonably
believed it was immediately necessary to use deadly force to protect
himself (sic.) from an imminent threat or death or serious bodily injury,
the law does not require him [or] her to retreat.” While there is no
statutory requirement for someone to retreat from this threat in Vermont,
the jury will be instructed that they are not required to.
It is of the utmost importance that the LEOSA armed officer understand
the importance of imminent fear of death or great bodily injury.
Remember that imminent requires that an action is pending or is about to
take place. It does not require that the opponent be striking you with the
baseball bat when you use deadly force, but the threat that you are going
to be hit with the baseball bat must be. Most states which are like
Vermont and do not address the issue of stand or retreat are similar to
ours, but again it is incumbent upon the individual LEOSA armed
officer to research the states which they intend to visit before they carry
their firearm in that state.
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
When confronted with an attacker, the LEOSA armed officer must make
a determination about whether there is a presence of imminent danger of
serious bodily injury or death to him or her when that situation presents
itself. The state of Vermont teaches new officers a three pronged test to
determine whether that imminent danger exists. All other states use this
test or some variation of it when determining if an imminent threat is
present. It is important to remember that all three prongs must be
present at the exact moment that you use the deadly force against the
opponent. The three prong test is as follows:
ABILITY: When confronted with an attacker, the officer must
first make a determination as to whether the person has the ability
to cause him or her serious bodily injury or death. Ability is
defined simply as the means. Does the attacker possess a weapon
that is capable of inflicting serious bodily injury or death, such as a
gun, a knife, or a baseball bat? Additionally, a potential attacker
may have a substantial size or strength advantage over the potential
victim which, by its very nature, may constitute the ability for that
attacker to cause the victim serious bodily injury or death. Third,
the potential attacker may have a superior knowledge of fighting
skills over the victim which would place the victim in fear of
imminent danger. It is important to note for this third one that it
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
must be known to the potential victim that the attacker possesses
these skills by either display or prior knowledge.
OPPORTUNITY: The next prong that will be examined is going to
be whether the potential attacker, given the ability which they
possessed, had the opportunity to use that ability to cause serious
bodily injury or death. It is extremely important to remember that
this opportunity is ability specific. An example of this would be
that you face a potential attacker at 20 yards who is armed with a
baseball bat. While the attacker does have the ability to cause you
serious bodily injury or death due to the possession of the bat, he
does not have the opportunity because he is too far away to create
that imminent fear of serious bodily injury or death. Conversely, if
you were to put a handgun in the attackers hand instead of the
baseball bat, he would now have that opportunity due to the
effective range of the firearm.
JEOPARY (sometimes called intent): Finally, the attacker must
commit some sort of overt act that would place a reasonable person
in fear of serious bodily injury or death. Cocking a bat over their
shoulder while in close proximity to you or pointing a firearm at
you within the effective range of that firearm are excellent
examples of this jeopardy factor. It is also important to remember
that this overt act must create for a reasonable person a fear or
serious bodily injury or death. Not all people feel “fear” at the
same level, and what might constitute “fear” for one person may be
different for another.
Some of us may remember from our law enforcement training that there
was presented within there somewhere a “reasonableness standard”
which came to us under Graham v. Connor, and a “Fleeing Felon”
statute under Tennessee v. Garner. Remember that the LEOSA armed
officer outside of their jurisdiction IS NOT acting as a law enforcement
officer, and that the guidance set forth under these rules likely will not
apply to them in a deadly force situation as a civilian. The LEOSA law
Reviewed and approved by the VCJTC Use of Force Committee at their
14 January, 2015 regular meeting.
was designed as a way for police officers to protect themselves and their
families while traveling outside of their jurisdictions and does NOT
grant them any sort of law enforcement authority outside of their
jurisdiction.
Please note that this pamphlet is to be used as a guideline only and
should not be construed as a defense in any legal proceeding.
Vermont Criminal Justice Training Council state qualification
course for back up and off duty handguns
COURSE SYNOPSIS: This is the course of fire that is recommended by the Vermont
Criminal Justice Training Council for qualifying active duty and
retired law enforcement officers with back up or off duty weapons.
This is not a mandatory course but is made available to Vermont
law enforcement agencies as a recommended best practice for
conducting qualifications for these weapon types. This course
shall be considered to be a “State handgun qualification course” for
qualifying retired law enforcement individuals under the Law
Enforcement Officers Safety Act.
EQUPIMENT: The handgun that the officer wishes to qualify with (may be a
revolver or semi automatic)
2 magazines for a semi automatic or 1 speed loader for a revolver
Holster that the officer carries their off duty/back up weapon in.
The holster should be worn where it regularly would be when the
weapon is carried. If the officer does not use a holster and instead
carries in a pocket or on a clip, the qualification course should be
conducted from that point of carry.
25 rounds of ammunition which is the ballistic equivalent of the
ammunition that the officer regularly carries in the gun
TARGET: For this course, the target area shall be the same as it is for the
Rule 13 annual qualification course.
RANGE: Minimum 15 yards
Items to use for cover
COURSE OVERVIEW: For this course, the shooter must achieve an overall score of 20 hits
out of 25 rounds fired in order to successfully qualify. Shooters
with semi automatic handguns will load their magazines with 5
rounds. Shooters will need to reload their spare magazine as they
go, or carry several magazines loaded with 5 rounds. Shooters
with revolvers should load their 5 round speed loader with 5
rounds, and 6 round speed loaders with 6 rounds. The shooter with
the 6 round speed loader should be aware that they will eject a live
round from the cylinder when they conduct a reload. Shooters will
need to reload their speed loader as they go, or will need to carry
several speed loaders loaded with 5 rounds. All firing should be
started from the point where the shooter carries their weapon and
in the condition it is normally carry in. Revolvers should be
qualified double action only. Cover objects are chosen at the
discretion of the instructor and no simulations should be associated
with the cover. There are no time limits associated with this
course.
Course of fire:
INSTRUCTORS MAY USE THE FORM ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE TO RECORD THE QUALIFICATION.
Distance
Shooting Position
Rounds fired
3 yards
Standing, one or two
hand
2
carry while stepping either to the left or to the right, then return the weapon
to the point of carry.
3 yards
Standing
3
carry while stepping left or right, and then will reload their weapon before
returning to the point of carry.
5 yards
Standing
3
utilizing their strong hand only, and then go to the low ready position.
5 yards
Standing
2
support hand and fire 2 rounds, then will conduct a one hand, support hand
reload. The shooter will then return their weapon to the point of carry.
7 yards
Kneeling or standing ;
must be behind cover
2
kneeling position from behind a cover object. If the shooter chooses to
stand, the cover must be of adequate height to protect them. The shooter
7 yards
Remain in position
from last string
3
behind cover. The shooter will then return their weapon to the point of
carry.
10 yards
Standing or kneeling
5
kneeling two handed position, reload, and return their weapon to the point of
carry.
15 yards
Standing or kneeling
5
kneeling two handed position and return their weapon to the point of carry.
Annual Qualification Record for Back up and Off Duty Handguns
Officer name: _________________________ Date: ___________________
Officer agency: _________________________ SSN last 4: ________________
Weapon Make, Model and Caliber: ____________________________________
Serial Number: _______________________
I, ____________________________________, being a certified firearms instructor in good standing
with the Vermont Criminal Justice Training Council, hereby certify that the above named individual
has met the requirements of Rule 13 in regards to annual weapons qualification for the year
_________________.
Instructor Date
_________________________________ ______________________________
Subscribed and sworn to before me this ___________ day of _______________, 20_____ in the County
of ______________________________, State of Vermont.
_________________________________________
Notary Public