Prevention
An OJP Issues & Practices Report 9An OJP Issues & Practices Report 9
Description: For nearly a century, Big Brothers
and Big Sisters of America (BBBSA) has been provid-
ing adult support and friendship to children. Through
a careful matching process, volunteers interact regularly
with youngsters in one-to-one relationships. Of the
514 local BBBSA agencies nationwide, the Big
Brothers & Sisters program in Wichita, Kansas, is the
largest, with over 1,300 matches of adult mentors with
area youths in 1999. Wichita, like the other local agen-
cies, uses a case management approach developed by
the national organization. Case managers screen chil-
dren and volunteers, make and supervise matches, and
handle match closures. In Wichita, each case manager
handles 65 cases; monthly contacts with volunteers,
children, and parents are made to ensure success.
Little Brothers and Sisters are referred by educa-
tors, social workers, counselors, parents, and others,
and are considered at risk of substance abuse and oth-
er destructive behavior. The goal of the program is to
prevent such problems and promote positive habits
and attitudes through support, role-modeling, and
exposure to healthy activities. Volunteers make a year-
long, once-a-week commitment to their matches.
Youngsters in the program range in age from 5-17; 83
percent of them come from single parent homes, 76
percent live at or below the poverty level, 54 percent
have been abused or neglected, and 52 percent come
from alcoholic and/or drug addicted families. Serving
children of substance-abusing parents is crucial, since
they are at high risk; children of alcoholics, for exam-
ple, are four times more likely to develop alcoholism
than other youths.
In addition to growing its core mentor numbers,
the organization is expanding its programming to
provide on-site mentoring in schools and at Boys and
Girls Clubs. The agency is also planning to imple-
ment outreach programs targeting Hispanic mentors
and youths, senior citizen mentors, and a program in
collaboration with community organizations and the
police department aimed specifically at alcohol,
tobacco, and other drug prevention.
The success and popularity of Big Brothers and
Big Sisters of America can be attributed to its rigorous
published standards and required procedures, includ-
ing mandatory volunteer orientation; volunteer
screening, involving a background check, extensive
interview, and home assessment; youth assessment,
which involves parent and child interviews and a
home assessment; carefully considered matches; and
ongoing supervision. The program was named a
Model Program in Blueprints for Violence Prevention
by the Center for the Study and Prevention of
Violence at the University of Colorado.
Challenges: The biggest challenge in Wichita is
recruiting volunteers. Currently, there are approxi-
mately 700 boys and girls awaiting matches. While
the organization needs both male and female volun-
teers to meet demand, male volunteers are especially
hard to get. Little Brothers wait an average of two
years, while African American Little Brothers wait an
average of three years. To address this challenge, the
program has made strides in finding volunteers by
working with local companies and universities to
recruit mentors. Advertisements are also posted on
billboard space donated to the organization. While
the waiting list is still long, it has decreased signifi-
cantly from previous years.
Costs and Funding Sources: The national aver-
age cost within the BBBSA system of making and
supporting one adult and child match is $1,000 a
year, and includes recruitment and training of volun-
teers, administrative costs, employee salaries, and vari-
ous activities. The annual budget in Wichita is $2.5
million. Funding comes from three main sources: the
United Way; in-kind and cash donations, including
grants from private foundations and state, city, and
county government; and revenue from an annual
fundraiser, Bowl For Kids Sake, which raised over
$600,000 in 1999.
Program Results: An evaluation of eight local
BBBSA agencies, including the one in Wichita, found
volunteer mentors had the greatest impact preventing
alcohol and other drug abuse when comparing partic-
ipating youths with similar nonparticipating youths.
In 1992 and 1993, nearly 1,000 boys and girls in
eight cities (including Wichita), ages 10 through 16,
entered into an evaluation study to determine the
effectiveness of BBBSA. Half of the children were
matched with a mentor, while the other half were
assigned to a waiting list or control group. On aver-
age, the matched children met with their mentors
about three times a month for at least one year.
Researchers found that 18 months later, the Little
Brothers and Little Sisters were: