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NATIONAL SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT HEALTH SOLUTIONS
CHJ SAF
Commercialization Update
Chuck Red
June 2, 2021
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INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS
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Applied Research Associates, Inc.
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• Engineering & science company that government and industry
have turned to for over 40 years for innovative technologies
and solutions.
• Founded in 1979. 1500 staff. 100% employee owned. FY20 sales
of ~$375M.
• Developing and deploying ReadiFuels
renewable fuel technologies since 2006.
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INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS
© 2021 Applied Research Associates, Inc. • ARA Proprietary
What is CHJ?
ASTM D7566 Annex 6 - CHJ
A6.1 Scope
A6.1.1 This annex defines Catalytic Hydrothermolysis Jet
(CHJ) as synthesized kerosene containing aromatic
compounds produced from hydrothermally processed
fatty acid esters and fatty acids for use as a synthetic
blending component in aviation turbine fuels for use in
civil aircraft and engines. The specifications in this annex
may be used for contractual exchange of synthetic
blending components.
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CHJ is a Fully Formulated SAF that Meets Table 1
Requirements of D7566 and D1655 without blending
ASTM D7566 Annex 6 - CHJ
A6.4 Materials and Manufacture
A6.4.1 Synthetic blending component shall be comprised
of hydroprocessed synthesized kerosene containing
aromatics that is wholly derived from hydrothermal
conversion of fatty acid esters and free fatty acids.
Subsequent processing of the product shall include
fractionation and any combination of hydrotreating,
hydrocracking, or hydroisomerization, and may include
other conventional refinery processes.
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Hydrocarbon Types and Diversity in CHJ is
Nearly Identical to Petroleum Jet Fuel
GC x GC Comparison
Petroleum- Derived JP-8 Carinata-Derived JP-8
Catalytic
Hydrothermolysis
• Supercritical
water process
• Produces crude
oil that contains
the same
hydrocarbon
types as
petroleum crude
2 Minutes
Converts fats
oils and greases
to crude oil
Hydrotreating
• Saturates
olefins
• Removes
residual
oxygenates
Fractionation
• Produces
finished fuels
• Jet and diesel
that meet
• Meets petroleum
specs without
blending
• Renewable
chemicals, and
naphtha
Conventional
Refinery
Processes
CHJ is produced by the
Biofuels ISOCONVERSION (BIC) Process
Converts fats, oils, and greases from plants, animals, or algae into “drop-in” renewable fuels
Hydrothermal Cleanup
• Rapid hydrolysis of
phospholipids and
organic chlorides
• Low metals,
phosphorus product
Water Fats/Oils Contaminants
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1
st
100% Renewable Fuel
• World’s first 100% CHJ flight Test
NRC Canada – October 2012
• World’s first 100% CHJ Military Jet Flight
US Navy, F-18 – September 2016
• Secretary of the Navy Ray Maybus Flies on Second 100% CHJ
Military Flight – September 2016
• World’s First 100% CHJ Single Engine Jet Flight, Saab Gripen,
Swedish Defense April 2017
Over 80,000 gallons of CHJ JP-5 produced
• ASTM Certification of ReadiJet via the CHJ Pathway
Annex 6 to D7566 approved on 12-15-19
• Navy MILSPEC Certification of CHJ (CHJ-5) - near completion
First 100% drop-in SAF specification
CHJ Development Milestones
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Production of Certification Fuel for DLA-Navy
Fuel production
• Crude oil produced by CH conversion in
St Joseph, Missouri, 100
bbl/day pilot
• Finished fuel hydrotreating and
distillation – Centauri – Pasadena, TX
Others performing tests:
• Lufthansa, AFRL, U.S. Army,
and Swedish Military
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Status of CHJ Certification
ASTM approved CHJ as Annex 6 to D7566 as a 50% blend
component in December 2019
At the OEM meeting 10 May 2021, ARA was requested to
revise the CHJ research report to include 100% CHJ test data
and submit it to the ASTM Task Force on 100% drop in SAF
The U.S. Navy is adopting some of the CHJ Annex 6
requirements to move forward with a specification for 100%
CHCJ-5.
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Refineries in Engineering/Under construction
Biofuels ISOCONVERSION Refineries
• 2,650 BPD: Engineering Design Package Completed by CLG – IOC 2023
• 3,000 BPD: Engineering Design Package Completed by CLG – IOC 2023
• 5,300 BPD: Engineering Design Package in progress – IOC 2024
• 5 BPD Demonstration Unit (Tokyo) Euglena: Currently in operation
• All units are designed to produce 20 to 30% CHJ
HCU Units for Renewable Diesel & SAF
• Multiple units totaling more than
40,000 BPD are under construction
• Several additional units
are in due diligence
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